Chapter 22

Chapter 22

Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2 down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.

3 No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be within the city, and His servants will worship Him. 4 They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads. 5 There will be no more night in the city, and they will have no need for the light of a lamp or of the sun. For the Lord God will shine on them, and they will reign forever and ever.

Jesus Is Coming

6 Then the angel said to me, “These words are faithful and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent His angel to show His servants what must soon take place.”

7 “Behold, I am coming soon. Blessed is the one who keeps the words of prophecy in this book. ”

8 And I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had shown me these things. 9 But he said to me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God!”

10 Then he told me, “Do not seal up the words of prophecy in this book, because the time is near. 11 Let the unrighteous continue to be unrighteous, and the vile continue to be vile; let the righteous continue to practice righteousness, and the holy continue to be holy.”

12 “Behold, I am coming soon, and My reward is with Me, to give to each one according to what he has done. 13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.”

14 Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by its gates. 15 But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood.

16 “I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.”

17 The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely.

Nothing May Be Added or Removed

18 I testify to everyone who hears the words of prophecy in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. 19 And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and the holy city, which are described in this book.

20 He who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!

21 The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all the saints.

Amen.

Table of Weights and Measures

Lengths

Finger 0.73 inches 1.85 centimeters Jeremiah 52:21

Handbreadth (4 fingers) 2.92 inches 7.42 centimeters Exodus 25:25

Span 9 inches 22.86 centimeters Exodus 28:16

Cubit 18 inches 45.72 centimeters Genesis 6:15

Long Cubit 21 inches 53.34 centimeters Ezekiel 40:5

Rod (6 long cubits) 10.5 feet 3.20 meters Ezekiel 40:5

Fathom 6 feet 1.83 meters Acts 27:28

Stadion 607 feet 185 meters Luke 24:13

Weights

Gerah (1/20 shekel) 0.0201 ounces 0.57 grams Exodus 30:13

Beka (1/2 shekel) 0.201 ounces 5.70 grams Genesis 24:22

Pim (2/3 shekel) 0.268 ounces 7.60 grams 1 Samuel 13:21

Shekel (20 gerahs) 0.402 ounces 11.4 grams Genesis 23:15

Mina (50 shekels) 1.256 pounds 0.57 kilograms Ezra 2:69

Talent (60 minas) 75.4 pounds 34.2 kilograms Exodus 25:39

Litra (Roman Pound) 12 ounces 340 grams John 19:39

Liquid Measures

Log 0.33 quarts 0.31 liters Leviticus 14:10

Hin (12 logs) 0.98 gallons 3.7 liters Numbers 15:4

Bath (6 hins) 5.8 gallons 22 liters 1 Kings 5:11

Homer (10 baths) 58 gallons 220 liters Ezekiel 45:11

Cor (10 baths) 58 gallons 220 liters Ezekiel 45:14

Bath (NT) 8.7 gallons 32.9 liters Luke 16:6

Metretes (NT) 10.4 gallons 39.4 liters John 2:6

Dry Measures

Cab (1/18 ephah) 1.1 dry quarts 1.2 liters 2 Kings 6:25

Omer (1/10 ephah) 2.0 dry quarts 2.2 liters Exodus 16:16

Seah (1/3 ephah) 6.7 dry quarts 7.3 liters Genesis 18:6

Ephah (10 omers) 0.624 bushels 22 liters Exodus 16:36

Lethech (5 ephahs) 3.12 bushels 110 liters Hosea 3:2

Homer (10 ephahs) 6.24 bushels 220 liters Leviticus 27:16

Cor (10 ephahs) 6.24 bushels 220 liters 1 Kings 4:22

Cor (NT) 10 bushels 350 liters Luke 16:7

Footnotes

Genesis 1 3 a Cited in 2 Corinthians 4:6 5 b Literally day one 6 c Or a canopy or a firmament or a vault; also in verses 7, 8, 14, 15, 17, and 20 26 d MT; Syriac and over all the beasts of the earth 27 e Cited in Matthew 19:4 and Mark 10:6 Genesis 2 2 a Cited in Hebrews 4:4 4 b LORD or GOD, with capital letters, represents the proper name of the God of Israel and the one true God, transliterated from the Hebrew as YHWH; here and throughout the Scriptures. 6 c Or mist 7 d Or a living soul; cited in 1 Corinthians 15:45 20 e Or the man, as in verses 19 and 21 21 f Or took part of the man’s side; similarly in verse 22 24 g LXX and the two will become one flesh; cited in Matthew 19:5, Mark 10:7–8, 1 Corinthians 6:16, and Ephesians 5:31 Genesis 3 1 a Hebrew nachash, translated in this chapter as serpent, is translated in most cases as snake. 8 b Or at the breezy (time); Hebrew unto the Ruach 15 c Or He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel. The same Hebrew root for crush, bruise, or strike appears twice in this verse. 16 d Or You will desire to control your husband 20 e Eve sounds like the Hebrew for giving life or living. Genesis 4 1 a Cain sounds like the Hebrew for acquired or brought forth. 7 b Or it desires to control you 8 c SP, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew Then Cain spoke to his brother Abel. 13 d Or guilt or sin 15 e LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac; Hebrew “Very well!” or “Therefore:” 16 f Nod means wandering. 24 g Hebrew; LXX can be translated as either seventy times seven or seventy-sevenfold; see also Matthew 18:22. 25 h Seth probably means granted or appointed. 26 i Or to proclaim; some translators to invoke or to call themselves by or to profane Genesis 5 2 a Cited in Matthew 19:4 and Mark 10:6 2 b Hebrew Adam 22 c LXX pleased God; also in verse 24 24 d LXX and he was not found, because God had taken him away; cited in Hebrews 11:5 29 e Noah sounds like the Hebrew for rest or comfort. Genesis 6 3 a LXX and Syriac My Spirit will not remain in man forever 12 b Literally all flesh; similarly in verses 13, 17, and 19 14 c Gopher is an unknown kind of tree; possibly cypress or cedar. 15 d The ark was approximately 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high (137.2 meters long, 22.9 meters wide, and 13.7 meters high). 16 e Or skylight or window 16 f A cubit is approximately 18 inches or 45.7 centimeters. Genesis 7 2 a Or by sevens; also in verse 3 15 b Literally of all flesh; similarly in verses 16 and 21 20 c 15 cubits is approximately 22.5 feet or 6.9 meters. Genesis 8 8 a Literally sent out from him or sent out from it Genesis 9 20 a Or was the first 27 b Japheth sounds like the Hebrew for expand. Genesis 10 4 a SP and some MT manuscripts (see also LXX and 1 Chronicles 1:7); most MT manuscripts Dodanites 7 b Sabtah is a variant of Sabta; see 1 Chronicles 1:9. 8 c Or who established himself as a mighty warrior or who became the first fearless leader 9 d Or in defiance of; twice in this verse 10 e That is, Babylonia 14 f Some translators adjust the Hebrew word order to the Casluhites, and the Caphtorites (from whom the Philistines came); see also Jeremiah 47:4 and Amos 9:7. 15 g Or of the Sidonians, the foremost 21 h Or Shem, whose older brother was Japheth 23 i Hebrew; LXX and 1 Chronicles 1:17 Meshech 24 j Hebrew; LXX (see also Luke 3:35–36) And Arphaxad was the father of Cainan, and Cainan was the father of Shelah, 25 k Peleg means division. Genesis 11 2 a Or from the east or in the east 2 b That is, Babylonia 9 c Or Babylon; the Hebrew word for Babel sounds like the Hebrew for confused. 13 d Hebrew; LXX (see also Luke 3:35–36) 12When Arphaxad was 135 years old, he became the father of Cainan. 13And after he had become the father of Cainan, Arphaxad lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters, and then he died. When Cainan had lived 130 years, he became the father of Shelah. And after he had become the father of Shelah, Cainan lived 330 years and had other sons and daughters. Note that LXX also adds 100 years to the ages of Shelah, Eber, Peleg, Reu, Serug, and Nahor in this genealogy. Genesis 12 1 a Cited in Acts 7:3 3 b See Galatians 3:8 6 c Or Terebinth or Great Tree 7 d Cited in Galatians 3:16 Genesis 13 15 a Cited in Galatians 3:16 18 b Or Terebinths or Great Trees Genesis 14 1 a That is, Babylonia; also in verse 9 3 b That is, the Dead Sea 8 c That is, the Valley of the Dead Sea 13 d Or Terebinths or Great Trees 13 e Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant. 18 f Hebrew El-Elyon; also in verses 19, 20, and 22; cited in Hebrews 7:1 Genesis 15 5 a Cited in Romans 4:18 6 b Cited in Romans 4:3, Romans 4:22, Galatians 3:6, and James 2:23 14 c Cited in Acts 7:6–7 Genesis 16 4 a Or her mistress became despised in her sight 7 b Or Angel; also in verses 9, 10, and 11; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized. 11 c Ishmael means God hears. 13 d Hebrew El-Roi 14 e Beer-lahai-roi means well of the Living One who sees me. Genesis 17 1 a Hebrew El-Shaddai 5 b Abram means exalted father. 5 c Abraham means father of many. 5 d Cited in Romans 4:17 15 e Both Sarai and Sarah mean princess; the change in spelling may reflect the difference in dialect between Ur and Canaan. 19 f Isaac means he laughs. Genesis 18 1 a Or Terebinths or Great Trees 6 b 3 seahs is approximately 19.8 dry quarts or 21.9 liters (probably about 24.5 pounds or 11.1 kilograms of flour). 14 c Cited in Romans 9:9 Genesis 19 22 a Zoar means small. 37 b Moab sounds like the Hebrew for from my father. 38 c Ben-ammi means son of my people. Genesis 20 16 a Or a thousand shekels of silver; that is, approximately 25.1 pounds or 11.4 kilograms of silver Genesis 21 3 a Isaac means he laughs. 9 b LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew lacks her son 10 c Cited in Galatians 4:30 12 d Cited in Romans 9:7 and Hebrews 11:18 16 e Hebrew; LXX the child lifted up his voice and wept 31 f Beersheba means well of seven or well of the oath. 33 g Hebrew El-Olam Genesis 22 11 a Or Angel; also in verses 12 and 15 12 b Or from Me 13 c Most MT manuscripts; other Hebrew manuscripts, SP, LXX, and Syriac saw one ram 14 d Hebrew YHWH Yireh 17 e Cited in Hebrews 6:14 18 f Cited in Acts 3:25 Genesis 23 3 a Or sons of Heth; also in verses 5, 7, 10, 16, 18, and 20 15 b 400 shekels is approximately 10.1 pounds or 4.6 kilograms of silver; also in verse 16. Genesis 24 10 a That is, Mesopotamia; Aram-naharaim means Aram of the two rivers, likely the region between the Euphrates and Balih Rivers in northwestern Mesopotamia. 22 b A beka is half a shekel, or approximately 0.2 ounces or 5.7 grams. 22 c 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams. Genesis 25 18 a Or Assyria 20 b That is, northwest Mesopotamia 23 c Cited in Romans 9:12 25 d Esau sounds like a Hebrew term that means hairy. 26 e Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives. 30 f Edom means red. Genesis 26 19 a Or flowing water or living water 20 b Esek means contention. 21 c Sitnah means enmity or hostility. 22 d Rehoboth means broad places or open spaces. 33 e Shibah can mean oath or seven. 33 f Beersheba means well of seven or well of the oath. Genesis 27 36 a Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives. 46 b Or daughters of Heth Genesis 28 2 a That is, northwest Mesopotamia; also in verses 5, 6, and 7 3 b Hebrew El-Shaddai 13 c Or there beside him 19 d Bethel means house of God. Genesis 29 17 a Or had delicate eyes 32 b Reuben means Look, a son and also sounds like the Hebrew for He has seen my misery. 33 c Simeon probably means one who hears. 34 d Levi sounds like the Hebrew for being attached to or feeling affection for. 35 e Judah sounds like the Hebrew for praise. Genesis 30 3 a Literally bear children on my knees 6 b Dan means He has judged or He has vindicated. 8 c Naphtali sounds like the Hebrew for wrestling. 11 d Alternate MT reading (see also LXX); the other alternate reads “A troop is coming!” 11 e Gad sounds like the Hebrew for good fortune, or alternately for band of raiders. 13 f Asher means happy. 18 g Issachar sounds like the Hebrew for wages or reward. 20 h Zebulun sounds like the Hebrew for honor. 24 i Joseph means may He add. Genesis 31 11 a Or Angel 18 b That is, northwest Mesopotamia 20 c Or stole the heart of; also in verses 26 and 27 21 d Hebrew the River 47 e The Aramaic Jegar-sahadutha and the Hebrew Galeed both mean heap of witnesses. 49 f Mizpah means watchtower. Genesis 32 2 a Mahanaim means two camps. 20 b Or I will appease his face 20 c Literally perhaps he will lift up my face 24 d Or Man; here and in verses 25–28; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized 28 e Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives. 28 f Israel means he struggles with God. 30 g Peniel means the face of God. 31 h Penuel is a variant of Peniel; see verse 30. Genesis 33 11 a Or blessing or treaty of peace 17 b Succoth means booths or shelters or tabernacles; twice in this verse. 18 c That is, northwest Mesopotamia 19 d Hebrew a hundred kesitahs; the value or weight of the kesitah is no longer known 20 e El-Elohe-Israel means God is the God of Israel or mighty is the God of Israel. Genesis 34 7 a Or against Israel Genesis 35 4 a Or terebinth or great tree 7 b El-bethel means God of Bethel. 8 c Or great tree 8 d Allon-bacuth means oak of weeping. 9 e That is, northwest Mesopotamia; also in verse 26 10 f Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives. 10 g Israel means he struggles with God. 11 h Hebrew El-Shaddai 15 i Bethel means house of God. 18 j Ben-oni could mean son of my sorrow or son of my strength. 18 k Benjamin means son of my right hand. Genesis 36 16 a Hebrew; SP (also in verse 11 and 1 Chronicles 1:36) does not include Korah. 22 b Hemam is a variant of Homam; see 1 Chronicles 1:39. 26 c Hebrew Dishan, a variant of Dishon 31 d Or before an Israelite king reigned over them: 37 e Hebrew the River 39 f Some MT manuscripts, SP, and Syriac (see also 1 Chronicles 1:50); other MT manuscripts Hadar Genesis 37 3 a Possibly a robe with long sleeves; also in verses 23 and 32 28 b 20 shekels is approximately 8 ounces or 228 grams of silver. 36 c Hebrew the Medanites Genesis 38 23 a Or we will become despised 29 b Perez means breaking out. 30 c Zerah can mean scarlet or brightness. Genesis 40 19 a Or and impale you on a pole; similarly in verse 22 22 b Literally had interpreted to them Genesis 41 34 a See LXX; MT a fifth from the land 38 b Or the spirit of the gods 43 c That is, “Abrek,” probably an Egyptian word that sounds similar to the Hebrew for kneel 45 d Zaphenath-paneah probably means Revealer of Mysteries or God speaks and lives. 45 e That is, Heliopolis, as in LXX; also in verse 50 51 f Manasseh sounds like the Hebrew for making to forget. 52 g Ephraim sounds like the Hebrew for making fruitful or twice fruitful. Genesis 42 25 a Or money; here and throughout chapters 42–44 Genesis 43 14 a Hebrew El-Shaddai Genesis 44 4 a LXX includes Why have you stolen my silver cup? 5 b Hebrew Is it not this which Genesis 45 7 a Or and to keep you alive as a great band of survivors 22 b 300 shekels is approximately 7.5 pounds or 3.4 kilograms of silver. Genesis 46 10 a Jemuel is another name for Nemuel; see Numbers 26:12. 10 b Zohar is a variant of Zerah; see Numbers 26:13 and 1 Chronicles 4:24. 13 c Hebrew; SP and Syriac Puah; see 1 Chronicles 7:1. 13 d Hebrew; SP and some LXX manuscripts Jashub; see Numbers 26:24 and 1 Chronicles 7:1. 15 e That is, northwest Mesopotamia 16 f SP and LXX Zephon; see also Numbers 26:15. 16 g Arodi is a variant of Arod; see Numbers 26:17. 20 h That is, Heliopolis, as in LXX 27 i Hebrew; LXX the nine sons, probably including Joseph’s grandsons through Ephraim and Manasseh; see 1 Chronicles 7:14–29. 27 j Hebrew (see also Exodus 1:5); LXX (see also Acts 7:14) seventy-five Genesis 47 9 a Hebrew sojourns; twice in this verse 21 b SP, LXX, Vulgate; Hebrew removed the people to the cities 31 c Hebrew; LXX Israel worshiped as he leaned on the top of his staff; see Hebrews 11:21. Genesis 48 3 a Hebrew El-Shaddai 7 b That is, northwest Mesopotamia 16 c Or Angel 22 d Or one portion of the land; Hebrew shekem, which sounds like the town and district called Shechem Genesis 49 5 a Or dwelling places 8 b Judah sounds like the Hebrew for praise. 10 c Or from his descendants 10 d Or until the one to whom tribute belongs 14 e Or saddlebags or hearths 16 f Or Dan shall judge his people; Dan means He has judged or He has vindicated. 19 g Gad sounds like the Hebrew for raid and also for band of raiders. 21 h Or gives beautiful words or bears fawns of the fold 22 i Or Joseph is a wild donkey, a wild donkey by a spring, with his wild colts beside the wall 25 j Hebrew Shaddai 26 k Or of my ancestors Genesis 50 11 a Abel-mizraim means mourning of the Egyptians. 23 b Or born or placed at birth Exodus 1 5 a MT (see also Genesis 46:27); DSS and LXX (see also Acts 7:14) seventy-five 10 b Or and take the country 22 c SP, LXX, and Targum Yonaton; Hebrew does not include to the Hebrews. Exodus 2 3 a The Hebrew can also mean ark; also in verse 5; see Genesis 6:14. 10 b Moses sounds like a Hebrew term that means to lift out. 11 c Or his brothers 14 d Cited in Acts 7:27 and Acts 7:35 14 e LXX Are you planning to kill me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday? Cited in Acts 7:28 18 f Reuel was also called Jethro; see Exodus 3:1. 22 g Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for foreigner. Exodus 3 1 a Moses’ father-in-law Jethro was also called Reuel; see Exodus 2:18. 1 b That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 2 c Or Angel 5 d Cited in Acts 7:33 6 e Cited in Matthew 22:32, Mark 12:26, Luke 20:37, and Acts 7:32 10 f Cited in Acts 7:34 12 g Cited in Acts 7:7 14 h Or I WILL BE WHAT I WILL BE 19 i Literally except by a mighty hand Exodus 4 3 a Hebrew nachash, in contrast to Aaron’s staff, which became a tannin in Exodus 7:10 6 b Hebrew into your bosom; twice in this verse and twice in verse 7 6 c The Hebrew word traditionally translated as leprous was used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. 18 d Moses’ father-in-law Jethro was also called Reuel; see Exodus 2:18. 21 e Or stiffen or strengthen 24 f Hebrew him 25 g Hebrew his feet Exodus 6 3 a Hebrew El-Shaddai 12 b Hebrew I have uncircumcised lips; also in verse 30 15 c Zohar is a variant of Zerah; see Numbers 26:13 and 1 Chronicles 4:24. 22 d Elzaphan is a variant of Elizaphan; see Numbers 3:30. 24 e Abiasaph is a variant of Ebiasaph; see 1 Chronicles 6:23 and 1 Chronicles 9:19. Exodus 7 9 a Hebrew tannin; here and in verse 10, in contrast to Moses’ staff, which became a nachash in Exodus 4:3 and was noted again in Exodus 7:15 13 b Or stiffened or strengthened; also in verse 22 14 c Or heavy or stubborn 20 d Hebrew he raised the staff; see verse 19; some translators Moses raised the staff. Exodus 8 15 a Or made heavy; also in verse 32 19 b Or stiffened or strengthened 21 c Literally a noxious mixture; also in verses 22, 24, 29, and 31 23 d LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew I will set redemption Exodus 9 7 a Or made heavy; also in verse 34 12 b Or stiffened or strengthened; also in verse 35 14 c Hebrew against your heart or against your inner man 16 d Or have spared you 16 e LXX in you 16 f Cited in Romans 9:17 Exodus 10 1 a Or made heavy 19 b Or the Sea of Reeds 20 c Or stiffened or strengthened; also in verse 27 Exodus 11 7 a Some translators close this quotation at the end of the verse. 10 b Or stiffened or strengthened Exodus 12 3 a The Hebrew word can mean lamb or kid; also in verses 4 and 5. 6 b Hebrew between the two evenings 7 c Literally on the two doorposts and on the lintel; similarly in verses 22 and 23 11 d Literally Gird up your loins 17 e That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten 37 f Succoth means booths or shelters or tabernacles. 40 g MT; SP in Canaan and Egypt; LXX in Egypt and Canaan Exodus 13 2 a Cited in Luke 2:23 4 b Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April. 18 c Or the Sea of Reeds 18 d LXX left the land of Egypt in the fifth generation 19 e Genesis 50:25 Exodus 14 4 a Or stiffen or strengthen; similarly in verses 8 and 17 8 b Or marching out boldly; literally marching out with an upraised hand 19 c Or Angel 20 d LXX and the night passed 25 e Or to swerve or to come off or to bind; see also SP, LXX, and Syriac. Exodus 15 4 a Or the Sea of Reeds; also in verse 22 13 b Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 23 c Marah means bitter. Exodus 16 1 a The geographical name Sin is related to Sinai and should not be mistaken for the English word sin. 12 b Hebrew Between the two evenings 16 c An omer is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters; also in verses 18, 32, 33, and 36. 18 d Cited in 2 Corinthians 8:15 22 e 2 omers is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters per person. 31 f Manna sounds like the Hebrew for What is it? (see verse 15). 34 g The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. 36 h An ephah was a dry measure having the capacity of about 20 dry quarts or 22 liters. Exodus 17 1 a The geographical name Sin is related to Sinai and should not be mistaken for the English word sin. 6 b Horeb is another name for Sinai. 7 c Massah means testing. 7 d Meribah means quarreling. 15 e Hebrew YHWH Nissi Exodus 18 1 a Moses’ father-in-law Jethro was also called Reuel; see Exodus 2:18. 3 b Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for sojourner. 4 c Eliezer means God is my helper. Exodus 19 1 a Hebrew In the third month, on the same day; that is, two months after leaving Egypt; see Numbers 33:3. 13 b Cited in Hebrews 12:20 13 c Or may they go up on the mountain Exodus 20 3 a Or besides Me 6 b Or to thousands 12 c Cited in Matthew 15:4, Matthew 19:19, Mark 7:10, Luke 18:20, and Ephesians 6:2–3 13 d Cited in Matthew 5:21, Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Romans 13:9, and James 2:11 14 e Cited in Matthew 5:27, Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Romans 13:9, and James 2:11 15 f Cited in Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, and Romans 13:9 16 g Cited in Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, and Luke 18:20 17 h Cited in Romans 7:7 and Romans 13:9 Exodus 21 6 a Or before God 8 b Or so that he does not designate her for himself 17 c Or dishonors or reviles 17 d Cited in Matthew 15:4 and Mark 7:10 22 e Literally and her children come out 24 f Cited in Matthew 5:38 28 g Or a bull; also in verses 29–36 32 h 30 shekels is approximately 12 ounces or 342 grams of silver. Exodus 22 1 a Or a bull or a cow; also in verses 4, 9, and 10 8 b Or before God; also in verse 9 9 c Or whom God condemns 20 d Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 28 e LXX or speak evil about the ruler of your people; cited in Acts 23:5 Exodus 23 15 a That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 15 b Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April. 16 c That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). 16 d That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is later called the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters). 25 e LXX and Vulgate I will bless 31 f Or the Sea of Reeds 31 g Hebrew the River Exodus 24 8 a Cited in Hebrews 9:20 Exodus 25 5 a Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals 10 b The ark was approximately 3.75 feet long, 2.25 feet wide, and 2.25 feet high (114.3 centimeters long, 68.6 centimeters wide, and 68.6 centimeters high). 16 c The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments; also in verses 21 and 22. 17 d Or an atonement cover; here and throughout Exodus 17 e The mercy seat was approximately 3.75 feet long and 2.25 feet wide (114.3 centimeters long and 68.6 centimeters wide). 22 f That is, the ark of the covenant 23 g The table was approximately 3 feet long, 1.5 feet wide, and 2.25 feet high (91.4 centimeters long, 45.7 centimeters wide, and 68.6 centimeters high). 25 h A handbreadth is approximately 2.9 inches or 7.4 centimeters. 39 i A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of gold. 40 j Cited in Hebrews 8:5 Exodus 26 2 a Each of the ten curtains was approximately 42 feet long and 6 feet wide (12.8 meters long and 1.8 meters wide). 8 b Each of the eleven curtains was approximately 45 feet long and 6 feet wide (13.7 meters long and 1.8 meters wide). 13 c A cubit is approximately 18 inches or 45.7 centimeters. 14 d Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals 16 e Each frame was approximately 15 feet long and 2.25 feet wide (4.6 meters long and 68.6 centimeters wide). 17 f That is, projecting pieces of wood made for insertion into another piece; similarly in verse 19. 33 g That is, the ark of the covenant; also in verse 34 33 h Or the Holy of Holies; also in verse 34 Exodus 27 1 a The altar was approximately 7.5 feet in length and width, and 4.5 feet high (2.3 meters in length and width, and 1.4 meters high). 9 b 100 cubits is approximately 150 feet or 45.7 meters; also in verse 11. 12 c 50 cubits is approximately 75 feet or 22.9 meters; also in verse 13. 14 d 15 cubits is approximately 22.5 feet or 6.9 meters; also in verse 15. 16 e 20 cubits is approximately 30 feet or 9.1 meters. 18 f The courtyard was approximately 150 feet long and 75 feet wide (45.7 meters long and 22.9 meters wide). 18 g 5 cubits is approximately 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters. 21 h The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. Exodus 28 16 a The breastpiece, when folded over, was approximately 9 inches or 22.9 centimeters in both length and width. 17 b The precise identification of some of these gemstones is uncertain. 30 c Literally Lights and Perfections 32 d The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain; possibly a coat of mail. 36 e That is, the LORD Exodus 29 14 a Or purification offering; also in verse 36 39 b Hebrew between the two evenings; also in verse 41 40 c A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour). 40 d Hebrew a quarter hin of pressed oil; that is, approximately 0.97 quarts or 0.92 liters Exodus 30 2 a The altar was approximately 1.5 feet in length and width, and 3 feet high (45.7 centimeters in length and width, and 91.4 centimeters high). 6 b That is, the ark of the covenant; also in verse 26 8 c Hebrew between the two evenings 9 d Or strange 10 e Or purification offering 13 f A half shekel is approximately 0.2 ounces or 5.7 grams; also in verse 15. 13 g 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams). 23 h 500 shekels is approximately 12.6 pounds or 5.7 kilograms of myrrh. 23 i 250 shekels is approximately 6.3 pounds or 2.9 kilograms of cinnamon. 23 j 250 shekels is approximately 6.3 pounds or 2.9 kilograms of cane. 24 k 500 shekels is approximately 12.6 pounds or 5.7 kilograms of cassia. 24 l A hin is approximately 0.97 gallons or 3.67 liters of olive oil. 36 m The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. Exodus 31 7 a That is, the ark of the covenant Exodus 32 1 a Cited in Acts 7:40 6 b Or to play; cited in 1 Corinthians 10:7 25 c Or and become an object of derision 29 d Or have ordained yourselves Exodus 33 6 a That is, from Mount Sinai onward, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 19 b Cited in Romans 9:15 Exodus 34 7 a Hebrew to thousands 12 b Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant. 18 c That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 18 d Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April; twice in this verse. 22 e That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). 22 f That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is later called the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters). 28 g Hebrew the Ten Words Exodus 35 7 a Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals; also in verse 23 Exodus 36 9 a Each of the ten curtains was approximately 42 feet long and 6 feet wide (12.8 meters long and 1.8 meters wide). 15 b Each of the eleven curtains was approximately 45 feet long and 6 feet wide (13.7 meters long and 1.8 meters wide). 19 c Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals 21 d Each frame was approximately 15 feet long and 2.25 feet wide (4.6 meters long and 68.6 centimeters wide). 22 e That is, projecting pieces of wood made for insertion into another piece; similarly in verse 24. Exodus 37 1 a The ark was approximately 3.75 feet long, 2.25 feet wide, and 2.25 feet high (114.3 centimeters long, 68.6 centimeters wide, and 68.6 centimeters high). 6 b The mercy seat was approximately 3.75 feet long and 2.25 feet wide (114.3 centimeters long and 68.6 centimeters wide). 10 c The table was approximately 3 feet long, 1.5 feet wide, and 2.25 feet high (91.4 centimeters long, 45.7 centimeters wide, and 68.6 centimeters high). 12 d A handbreadth is approximately 2.9 inches or 7.4 centimeters. 24 e A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of gold. 25 f The altar was approximately 1.5 feet in length and width, and 3 feet high (45.7 centimeters in length and width, and 91.4 centimeters high). Exodus 38 1 a Literally He constructed 1 b The altar was approximately 7.5 feet in length and width, and 4.5 feet high (2.3 meters in length and width, and 1.4 meters high). 9 c 100 cubits is approximately 150 feet or 45.7 meters. 12 d 50 cubits is approximately 75 feet or 22.9 meters. 14 e 15 cubits is approximately 22.5 feet or 6.9 meters. 18 f 20 cubits is approximately 30 feet or 9.1 meters. 18 g 5 cubits is approximately 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters. 24 h The total weight of the gold was approximately 1.1 tons or 1 metric ton. 25 i The total weight of the silver was approximately 3.79 tons or 3.44 metric tons. 26 j A beka is half a shekel, or approximately 0.2 ounces or 5.7 grams. 27 k 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver. 28 l 1,775 shekels is approximately 44.6 pounds or 20.2 kilograms of silver. 29 m The total weight of the bronze was approximately 2.67 tons or 2.42 metric tons. Exodus 39 2 a Literally He made 9 b The breastpiece, when folded over, was approximately 9 inches or 22.9 centimeters in both length and width. 10 c The precise identification of some of these gemstones is uncertain. 23 d The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain; possibly a coat of mail. 30 e That is, the LORD 34 f Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals 35 g That is, the ark of the covenant Exodus 40 3 a That is, the ark of the covenant; also in verses 5 and 21 Leviticus 1 16 a Or the crop and feathers Leviticus 2 5 a That is, a shallow pan for baking or frying 7 b That is, a deep pan or stew pan Leviticus 4 3 a Or purification offering; here and throughout Leviticus Leviticus 5 11 a A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour). 15 b Or flock or its equivalence 15 c A shekel is approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams of silver. 19 d Or he has paid full compensation Leviticus 6 20 a A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour). 21 b That is, a shallow pan for baking or frying 21 c Or baked Leviticus 7 9 a That is, a deep pan or stew pan 9 b That is, a shallow pan for baking or frying Leviticus 8 8 a Literally Lights and Perfections Leviticus 9 4 a Or a bull or a cow; also in verses 18 and 19 Leviticus 10 1 a Or strange 4 b Elzaphan is a variant of Elizaphan; see Numbers 3:30. 6 c Or Do not uncover your heads Leviticus 11 4 a The precise identification of some of the birds and animals in this chapter is uncertain. 5 b Or The coney or The hyrax 16 c Literally the daughter of the ostrich or the daughter of the owl 26 d Literally a split hoof not completely divided 44 e Here and in verse 45; cited in 1 Peter 1:16 Leviticus 12 8 a Cited in Luke 2:24 Leviticus 13 2 a Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases; here and throughout verses 3–46. 45 b Or uncover his head 47 c Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy regarding skin diseases, are translated as mildew regarding blemishes on garments, utensils, or buildings; here and throughout the remainder of this chapter. Leviticus 14 2 a Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases; also in verses 3, 7, 32, 54, and 57. 5 b Or flowing water or living water; here and in verses 6, 50, 51, and 52 10 c Three-tenths of an ephah is approximately 6 dry quarts or 6.6 liters (probably about 7.6 pounds or 3.5 kilograms of flour). 10 d Or one log of oil; that is, approximately 0.33 quarts or 0.31 liters; also in verses 12, 15, 21, and 24 21 e A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour). 31 f LXX and Syriac; Hebrew includes as he is able to afford, 34 g Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy regarding skin diseases, are translated as mildew regarding blemishes on garments, utensils, or buildings; here and throughout the remainder of this chapter. 57 h The Hebrew translated here as skin diseases and mildew is one singular term; see the footnotes for verses 2 and 34. Leviticus 15 13 a Or flowing water or living water Leviticus 16 2 a Or the Holy Place; also in verses 16, 17, 20, 23, and 27 2 b Or atonement cover; here and throughout this chapter 8 c Literally the other to Azazel; similarly twice in verse 10 and once in verse 26 13 d The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. 29 e Or afflict your souls or deny yourselves; also in verse 31 33 f Or the Holy Sanctuary Leviticus 17 3 a Or a bull or a cow 7 b Or goat idols 11 c Literally the soul; also in verse 14 Leviticus 18 5 a Cited in Romans 10:5 and Galatians 3:12; see also Ezekiel 20:11, 13, and 21. 6 b Literally to uncover (their) nakedness; here and throughout this chapter 21 c Hebrew to make them pass through (the fire) Leviticus 19 2 a Cited in 1 Peter 1:16 16 b Literally blood 18 c Cited in Matthew 5:43, Matthew 19:19, Matthew 22:39, Mark 12:31, Luke 10:27, Romans 13:9, Galatians 5:14, and James 2:8 23 d Hebrew as uncircumcised; twice in this verse 36 e An ephah is a dry measure of approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters. 36 f A hin is a liquid measure of approximately 0.97 gallons or 3.67 liters. Leviticus 20 9 a Or dishonors or reviles; similarly again in this verse 9 b Cited in Matthew 15:4 and Mark 7:10 17 c Literally and he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness 18 d Literally uncovers her nakedness; similarly in verse 19 Leviticus 21 10 a Or must not uncover his head Leviticus 22 4 a Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. 23 b Or a bull or a cow 27 c Or a calf 28 d Or a cow Leviticus 23 5 a Hebrew begins between the two evenings of the fourteenth 6 b That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 13 c Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour); also in verse 17. 13 d A quarter hin is approximately 0.97 quarts or 0.92 liters of wine. 24 e Or a sacred assembly, a memorial of shouting 27 f Or afflict your souls or deny yourselves; also in verse 32 34 g That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). 40 h Or poplars 42 i Or tabernacles or shelters; twice in this verse, and also in verse 43; see the footnote for verse 34. Leviticus 24 3 a The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments. 5 b Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour). 14 c Literally the one who cursed; also in verse 23 20 d Cited in Matthew 5:38 Leviticus 26 11 a Or My tabernacle 11 b Or reject; also in verse 30 12 c Cited in 2 Corinthians 6:16 26 d Hebrew staff Leviticus 27 3 a 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of silver; also in verse 16. 3 b A shekel weighed approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams; also in verse 25. 4 c 30 shekels is approximately 12 ounces or 342 grams of silver. 5 d 20 shekels is approximately 8 ounces or 228 grams of silver. 5 e 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams of silver; also in verse 7. 6 f 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams of silver. 6 g 3 shekels is approximately 1.2 ounces or 34.2 grams of silver. 7 h 15 shekels is approximately 6 ounces or 171 grams of silver. 8 i Or present himself 16 j A homer is a dry measure of approximately 6.24 bushels or 220 liters (probably about 291 pounds or 132 kilograms of barley seed). 25 k 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams). 28 l Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD; similarly in verse 29. Numbers 2 14 a Many MT manuscripts, SP, and Vulgate (see also Numbers 1:14); most MT manuscripts Reuel Numbers 3 4 a Or strange 9 b Most MT manuscripts; some MT manuscripts, SP, and LXX (see also Numbers 8:16) to Me 28 c Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts 8,300; see the total in verse 39. 30 d Elizaphan is a variant of Elzaphan; see Exodus 6:22 and Leviticus 10:4. 47 e 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams. 47 f 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams). 50 g 1,365 shekels is approximately 34.3 pounds or 15.6 kilograms. Numbers 4 5 a That is, the ark of the covenant 6 b Possibly the hides of large aquatic mammals; also in verses 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 25; see Exodus 25:5. Numbers 5 2 a Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. 15 b A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 3.5 pounds or 1.6 kilograms of barley flour). Numbers 6 2 a Nazirite means one separated or one consecrated. 11 b Or purification offering; here and throughout Numbers Numbers 7 13 a 130 shekels is approximately 3.3 pounds or 1.48 kilograms; here and throughout this chapter. 13 b 70 shekels is approximately 1.76 pounds or 797.8 grams; here and throughout this chapter. 14 c 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams; here and throughout this chapter. 85 d 2,400 shekels is approximately 60.3 pounds or 27.4 kilograms. 86 e 120 shekels is approximately 3 pounds or 1.4 kilograms. 89 f Or atonement cover 89 g That is, the ark of the covenant Numbers 9 3 a Hebrew between the two evenings of the fourteenth; also in verses 5 and 11 16 b LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew does not include by day Numbers 10 29 a Reuel was also called Jethro; see Exodus 3:1. Numbers 11 3 a Taberah means burning. 31 b Or up to two cubits deep; that is, approximately 3 feet or 91.4 centimeters 32 c 10 homers is approximately 62.4 bushels or 2,200 liters. 34 d Kibroth-hattaavah means graves of craving. Numbers 12 7 a Cited in Hebrews 3:5 10 b The Hebrew word traditionally translated as leprous was used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. Numbers 13 3 a Literally according to the mouth 23 b Eshcol means cluster; also in verse 24. Numbers 14 18 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 25 b Or the Sea of Reeds Numbers 15 4 a A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour). 4 b Or a quarter hin of oil; that is, approximately 0.97 quarts or 0.92 liters; similarly in verse 5 6 c Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour). 6 d Or a third of a hin of oil; that is, approximately 1.3 quarts or 1.2 liters; similarly in verse 7 9 e Three-tenths of an ephah is approximately 6 dry quarts or 6.6 liters (probably about 7.6 pounds or 3.5 kilograms of flour). 9 f Or half a hin of oil; that is, approximately 1.9 quarts or 1.8 liters; similarly in verse 10 Numbers 16 3 a Figuratively You have gone too far or You have appropriated too much authority to yourselves; similarly in verse 7 5 b LXX God has visited and knows those who are His; cited in 2 Timothy 2:19 Numbers 17 4 a The Testimony refers to the stone tablets in the ark of the covenant inscribed with the Ten Commandments; also in verse 10. Numbers 18 10 a Or You are to eat it in a most holy place 16 b 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams of silver. 16 c 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams). 19 d That is, a perpetual covenant Numbers 19 17 a Or flowing water or living water Numbers 20 13 a Meribah means quarreling; also in verse 24; see Exodus 17:7. Numbers 21 2 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verse 3. 3 b Hormah means destruction. 4 c Or the Sea of Reeds 16 d Beer means well. 20 e Or Jeshimon 23 f Jahaz is a variant of Jahzah; see 1 Chronicles 6:78. 24 g Or because the territory was rugged; literally because it was strong 30 h Or We demolished them until fire spread to Medeba Numbers 22 5 a Hebrew the River 22 b Or Angel; here through the rest of chapter 22; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized. 32 c Or reckless or contrary Numbers 23 28 a Or Jeshimon Numbers 24 4 a Hebrew Shaddai; also in verse 16 6 b Or like valleys 17 c SP foreheads; Hebrew corners (of the head); LXX princes 22 d Or Assyria; also in verse 24 24 e Hebrew Kittim Numbers 25 1 a Or Acacia Grove Numbers 26 4 a Take a census of the men is implied but not included in the Hebrew; see verse 2. 12 b Nemuel is another name for Jemuel; see Genesis 46:10. 13 c Zerah is a variant of Zohar; see Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15. 17 d SP and Syriac Arodi; see Genesis 46:16. 23 e SP, LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac the Puite clan from Puah; see 1 Chronicles 7:1. 24 f Jashub is a variant of Job; see Genesis 46:13. 30 g Iezer is a variant of Abiezer; see Joshua 17:2. 39 h A few MT manuscripts, SP, Vulgate, and Syriac (see also LXX); most MT manuscripts Shephupham 40 i SP and Vulgate (see also LXX); MT does not include from Ard. 61 j Or strange Numbers 27 12 a LXX Go up Mount Nebo beyond the Jordan 14 b Meribah means quarreling; see Exodus 17:7. 21 c Literally the Lights Numbers 28 4 a Hebrew between the two evenings; also in verse 8 5 b A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour); also in verses 13, 21, and 29. 5 c Or a quarter hin of pure olive oil; Hebrew a quarter hin of pressed oil; that is, approximately 0.97 quarts or 0.92 liters; similarly in verses 7 and 14 9 d Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour); also in verses 12, 20, and 28. 12 e Three-tenths of an ephah is approximately 6 dry quarts or 6.6 liters (probably about 7.6 pounds or 3.5 kilograms of flour); also in verses 20 and 28. 14 f Half a hin is approximately 1.9 quarts or 1.8 liters of wine. 14 g A third of a hin is approximately 1.3 quarts or 1.2 liters of wine. 26 h That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). Numbers 29 3 a Three-tenths of an ephah is approximately 6 dry quarts or 6.6 liters (probably about 7.6 pounds or 3.5 kilograms of flour); also in verses 9 and 14. 3 b Two-tenths of an ephah is approximately 4 dry quarts or 4.4 liters (probably about 5.1 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of flour); also in verses 9 and 14. 4 c A tenth of an ephah is approximately 2 dry quarts or 2.2 liters (probably about 2.6 pounds or 1.2 kilograms of flour); also in verses 10 and 15. 7 d Or afflict your souls or deny yourselves Numbers 30 2 a Cited in Matthew 5:33 13 b Or to fast Numbers 31 52 a 16,750 shekels is approximately 420.8 pounds or 190.9 kilograms. Numbers 32 3 a Hebrew; see verse 38, and similarly in SP and LXX Sibmah 17 b LXX we will arm ourselves for battle 41 c Havvoth-jair means the villages of Jair. Numbers 33 3 a Or marched out boldly; literally marched out with an upraised hand 8 b Some Hebrew manuscripts, SP, and Vulgate; see verse 7; most MT manuscripts Hahiroth 10 c Or the Sea of Reeds; also in verse 11 11 d The geographical name Sin is related to Sinai and should not be mistaken for the English word sin; also in verse 12. 45 e Iyim is another name for Iye-abarim; see verse 44. 47 f Or the mountains beyond the river; also in verse 48 49 g Or the Meadow of the Acacias; that is, an area in the lowlands of Moab Numbers 34 3 a That is, the Dead Sea; also in verse 12 4 b Or the Ascent of Scorpions or Scorpion Pass 5 c That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea; also in verses 6 and 7 11 d That is, the Sea of Galilee Numbers 35 4 a 1,000 cubits is approximately 1,500 feet or 457.2 meters. 5 b 2,000 cubits is approximately 3,000 feet or 914.4 meters. Deuteronomy 1 2 a That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai; also in verses 6 and 19 5 b Note that Deuteronomy 1:6 through Deuteronomy 4:40 may be presented as a continuous section of unbroken speech by Moses. In place of multiple levels of nested quotes, this section has been set apart with a double space. 7 c Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 40 d Or the Sea of Reeds Deuteronomy 2 1 a Or the Sea of Reeds 23 b That is, Crete 34 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. Deuteronomy 3 6 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 11 b Og’s bed was approximately 14 feet long and 6 feet wide (4.3 meters long and 1.8 meters wide). 14 c Or the villages of Jair 17 d That is, the Dead Sea Deuteronomy 4 10 a That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai; also in verse 15 13 b Hebrew the Ten Words 24 c Cited in Hebrews 12:29 33 d Or of a god 48 e Or Sion; Syriac Sirion 49 f That is, the Dead Sea Deuteronomy 5 1 a Note that Deuteronomy 5:1 through Deuteronomy 26:19 may be presented as a continuous section of unbroken speech by Moses. In place of multiple levels of nested quotes, this section has been set apart with a double space. 2 b That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 7 c Or besides Me 10 d Hebrew loving devotion to thousands; forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 16 e Cited in Matthew 15:4, Matthew 19:19, Mark 7:10, Luke 18:20, and Ephesians 6:2–3 17 f Cited in Matthew 5:21, Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Romans 13:9, and James 2:11 18 g Cited in Matthew 5:27, Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Romans 13:9, and James 2:11 19 h Cited in Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, and Romans 13:9 20 i Cited in Matthew 19:18, Mark 10:19, and Luke 18:20 21 j Cited in Romans 7:7 and Romans 13:9 Deuteronomy 6 4 a Or The LORD our God is One LORD or The LORD is our God, the LORD is One or The LORD is our God, the LORD alone; cited in Mark 12:29 5 b Cited in Matthew 22:37, Mark 12:30, and Luke 10:27 13 c Or serve Him, and take your oaths only in His name; cited in Matthew 4:10 and Luke 4:8 16 d Massah means testing; see Exodus 17:7; cited in Matthew 4:7 and Luke 4:12. Deuteronomy 7 2 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also twice in verse 26. 2 b Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant. Deuteronomy 8 3 a Cited in Matthew 4:4 and Luke 4:4 Deuteronomy 9 8 a That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 19 b LXX And I am greatly terrified; cited in Hebrews 12:21 22 c Taberah means burning; see Numbers 11:3. 22 d Massah means testing; see Exodus 17:7. 22 e Kibroth-hattaavah means graves of craving; see Numbers 11:34. Deuteronomy 10 4 a Hebrew the Ten Words 6 b Or from the wells of the Bene-jaakan Deuteronomy 11 4 a Or the Sea of Reeds 14 b Hebrew; SP, LXX, and Vulgate He will provide; also in verse 15 24 c That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 30 d SP, LXX, and Syriac (see Genesis 12:6); Hebrew Oaks or Terebinths or Great Trees Deuteronomy 13 5 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 5:13 6 b Hebrew the wife of your bosom 15 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; similarly in verse 17. Deuteronomy 14 4 a The precise identification of some of the birds and animals in this chapter is uncertain. 7 b Or the coney or the hyrax 15 c Literally the daughter of the ostrich or the daughter of the owl Deuteronomy 15 7 a Or make strong or make courageous 12 b Or sells himself Deuteronomy 16 1 a Abib was the first month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April; twice in this verse. 10 b That is, Shavuot; see footnotes for verse 16. 13 c Or Booths or Shelters; see footnotes for verse 16. 16 d That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 16 e That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). 16 f That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). Deuteronomy 17 7 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 5:13 Deuteronomy 18 10 a Literally makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire 15 b Cited in Acts 3:22 16 c That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 19 d See Acts 3:23. Deuteronomy 19 3 a Or You are to survey the way 15 b Cited in Matthew 18:16 and 2 Corinthians 13:1 19 c Cited in 1 Corinthians 5:13 21 d Cited in Matthew 5:38 Deuteronomy 20 17 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. Deuteronomy 21 21 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 5:13 22 b Or impale his body on a pole; similarly in verse 23 23 c LXX; Hebrew anyone who is hanged is under God’s curse; cited in Galatians 3:13 Deuteronomy 22 1 a Or you must not hide yourself 9 b Or will be forfeited to the sanctuary 19 c 100 shekels is approximately 2.5 pounds or 1.1 kilograms of silver. 21 d Here and in verse 24; cited in 1 Corinthians 5:13 29 e 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of silver. 30 f Or uncover his father’s skirt Deuteronomy 23 4 a That is, Mesopotamia; Aram-naharaim means Aram of the two rivers, likely the region between the Euphrates and Balih Rivers in northwestern Mesopotamia. 18 b Hebrew or a dog Deuteronomy 24 1 a Cited in Matthew 5:31; see also Mark 10:4. 7 b Cited in 1 Corinthians 5:13 8 c Forms of the Hebrew tzaraath, traditionally translated as leprosy, were used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. 16 d Cited in 2 Kings 14:6 and 2 Chronicles 25:4 Deuteronomy 25 4 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 9:9 and 1 Timothy 5:18 5 b Cited in Matthew 22:24, Mark 12:19, and Luke 20:28 Deuteronomy 27 20 a Or uncovered his father’s skirt 26 b LXX Cursed is every man who does not continue in all the words of this law; cited in Galatians 3:10 Deuteronomy 28 20 a Hebrew Me 22 b Or sword 54 c Hebrew the wife of his bosom 55 d Or within all your cities; similarly in verse 57 56 e Hebrew the husband of her bosom Deuteronomy 29 1 a That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 10 b LXX and Syriac; Hebrew you leaders, tribes 18 c See Hebrews 12:15 19 d Or curse Deuteronomy 30 3 a Or restore your fortunes 4 b Or to the extremity of the heavens 4 c Cited in Nehemiah 1:8–9 12 d Cited in Romans 10:6 13 e See Romans 10:7. 14 f Cited in Romans 10:8 Deuteronomy 31 1 a DSS and LXX; MT When Moses went out and spoke 6 b Cited in Hebrews 13:5; here and in verse 8 10 c That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). Deuteronomy 32 5 a Cited in Philippians 2:15 8 b DSS; LXX according to the number of the angels of God; MT according to the number of the sons of Israel 10 c Literally the pupil 11 d Pinions are the outer parts of a bird’s wings, including the flight feathers. 15 e Jeshurun means the upright one, a term of endearment for Israel. 21 f Or not a nation; see also LXX. 21 g Cited in Romans 10:19 31 h Hebrew; LXX but our enemies are void of understanding 35 i LXX; Hebrew Vengeance is Mine, and recompense; cited in Romans 12:19 and Hebrews 10:30 36 j Or will judge His people; see also LXX; cited in Hebrews 10:30 43 k See DSS and LXX; MT lacks Rejoice, O heavens, with Him, and let all God’s angels worship Him. Cited in Hebrews 1:6 43 l Cited in Romans 15:10 43 m DSS and LXX; MT servants 43 n LXX and Vulgate; MT lacks and repay those who hate Him 44 o LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew Hoshea, a variant of Joshua Deuteronomy 33 2 a LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew upon them 2 b Or with myriads of holy ones from the south, from His mountain slopes 3 c Or they follow in Your steps 5 d Jeshurun means the upright one, a term of endearment for Israel; also in verse 26. 6 e Or but let 8 f DSS and LXX; MT does not include to Levi; literally Let Your Perfections and Your Lights be to Your godly one. 8 g Massah means testing; see Exodus 17:7. 8 h Meribah means quarreling; see Exodus 17:7. 9 i Hebrew they kept, most likely referring to Levi in the plural; similarly twice in verse 10 12 j LXX; Hebrew He shields 23 k Or the west Deuteronomy 34 2 a That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 6 b SP and some LXX manuscripts they buried him 12 c Or terrifying deeds Joshua 1 4 a That is, the Mediterranean Sea 5 b Cited in Hebrews 13:5 Joshua 2 1 a Or Acacia Grove 10 b Or the Sea of Reeds 10 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. Joshua 3 1 a Or Acacia Grove 4 b 2,000 cubits is approximately 3,000 feet or 914.4 meters. 16 c That is, the Dead Sea Joshua 4 9 a Some translators And Joshua set up the twelve stones that had been in the middle of the Jordan 16 b That is, the ark of the covenant 23 c Or the Sea of Reeds Joshua 5 1 a That is, along the Mediterranean coast; literally along the sea 1 b Or until we had crossed over 2 c Literally again the second time 3 d Gibeath-haaraloth means the hill of the foreskins. 9 e Gilgal sounds like the Hebrew for roll. 14 f Or and paid homage or and worshiped Joshua 6 5 a Or fall under itself or fall flat; similarly in verse 20 5 b Literally and the people will go up, every man straight ahead; similarly in verse 20 17 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 18 and 21. 26 d See 1 Kings 16:34. Joshua 7 1 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 11, 12, 13, and 15. 1 b Achan means troubler; also called Achar in 1 Chronicles 2:7. 1 c Zabdi is a variant of Zimri; also in verses 17 and 18; see LXX and 1 Chronicles 2:6. 5 d Or as far as Shebarim 21 e That is, Babylonia 21 f 200 shekels is approximately 5 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of silver. 21 g 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of gold. 26 h Achor means trouble. Joshua 8 18 a Or javelin; twice in this verse, and also in verse 26 26 b Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 28 c Ai means ruin. 29 d Or He impaled the king of Ai on a pole 31 e Exodus 20:25; Deuteronomy 27:5 Joshua 9 1 a Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 1 b That is, the Mediterranean Sea 4 c Or set out with provisions 6 d Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant; also in verses 7, 11, 15, and 16. Joshua 10 1 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 28, 35, 37, 39, and 40. 12 b See Jasher 88:63. 13 c Or triumphed over its enemies 13 d Or the Book of the Upright One, commonly cited as Jasher 13 e See Jasher 88:64. 26 f Or impaled their bodies on five poles; similarly in verse 27 40 g Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea Joshua 11 2 a Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea; also in verse 16 2 b Or in the heights of Dor; Naphoth-dor is a variant of Naphath-dor; see Joshua 12:23. 11 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 12, 20, and 21. 20 d Or stiffen or strengthen Joshua 12 3 a That is, the Sea of Galilee 3 b That is, the Dead Sea 4 c LXX; Hebrew And the territory of Og king of Bashan 8 d Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 23 e Or in the heights of Dor; Naphath-dor is a variant of Naphoth-dor; see Joshua 11:2. 23 f Hebrew; LXX Goyim in Galilee Joshua 13 4 a Or Arah 5 b Or the area of Byblos 26 c LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew Li-debir, a variant of Lo-debar; see 2 Samuel 9:4, 2 Samuel 17:27, and Amos 6:13. 27 d That is, the Sea of Galilee Joshua 15 2 a That is, the Dead Sea; also in verse 5 3 b Or the Ascent of Scorpions or Scorpion Pass 4 c That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea; also in verses 11, 12, and 47 4 d LXX; Hebrew your 18 e Hebrew and some LXX manuscripts; other LXX manuscripts and he urged her; see Judges 1:14. 33 f Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea Joshua 16 2 a LXX (See also Joshua 18:13); Hebrew from Bethel to Luz 3 b That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea; also in verses 6 and 8 Joshua 17 2 a Abiezer is a variant of Iezer; see Numbers 26:30. 9 b That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea; also in verse 10 Joshua 18 18 a LXX; Hebrew slope facing the Arabah 19 b That is, the Dead Sea 28 c LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew the Jebusite 28 d Hebrew Gibeath 28 e LXX; Hebrew Kiriath Joshua 19 28 a Some Hebrew manuscripts Abdon; see Joshua 21:30. 29 b That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 34 c Hebrew; LXX west, and the Jordan 50 d Timnath-serah is also known as Timnath-heres; see Judges 2:9. Joshua 22 10 a Or to the circle of stones or to the region; similarly in verse 11 20 b Achan means troubler; also called Achar in 1 Chronicles 2:7. 20 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 34 d Literally named the altar, for Joshua 23 4 a That is, the Mediterranean Sea Joshua 24 2 a Hebrew the River; also in verses 3, 14, and 15 6 b Or the Sea of Reeds 26 c Or terebinth 30 d Timnath-serah is also known as Timnath-heres; see Judges 2:9. 32 e Hebrew a hundred kesitahs; the value or weight of the kesitah is no longer known. Judges 1 9 a Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 14 b Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate and he urged her; see Joshua 15:18. 16 c That is, Jericho 17 d Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 17 e Hormah means destruction. 18 f Hebrew; LXX But Judah did not capture 36 g Or the Ascent of Scorpions or Scorpion Pass Judges 2 1 a Or Angel; also in verse 4 5 b Bochim means weepers. 9 c Timnath-heres is also known as Timnath-serah; see Joshua 19:50 and Joshua 24:30. 14 d Literally of plunderers who plundered them 16 e Or governors or leaders; here and throughout the book of Judges Judges 3 8 a That is, Mesopotamia; Aram-naharaim means Aram of the two rivers, likely the region between the Euphrates and Balih Rivers in northwestern Mesopotamia. 13 b That is, Jericho 16 c A cubit is approximately 18 inches or 45.7 centimeters. Judges 4 11 a Or brother-in-law Judges 5 11 a Or archers or those who divide the sheep 11 b Or warriors 15 c Or much searching of heart; also in verse 16 Judges 6 10 a Or worship 11 b Or Angel; also in verses 12, 20, 21, and 22; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized. 11 c Or terebinth or great tree; also in verse 19 14 d LXX The angel of the LORD or The Angel of the LORD; also in verse 16 19 e An ephah is approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters (probably about 25.5 pounds or 11.6 kilograms of flour). 24 f Hebrew YHWH Shalom 32 g Jerubbaal probably means let Baal contend. Judges 7 1 a Jerubbaal is another name for Gideon and probably means let Baal contend; see Judges 6:32. 16 b Literally and put rams’ horns and empty jars—large jars with torches inside—into the hand of all 22 c Some Hebrew manuscripts Zeredah Judges 8 3 a Or their spirit 8 b Penuel is a variant of Peniel; also in verses 9 and 17; see Genesis 32:30. 26 c 1,700 shekels is approximately 42.7 pounds or 19.4 kilograms. 29 d Jerubbaal is another name for Gideon and probably means let Baal contend; also in verse 35; see Judges 6:32. 30 e Hebrew who came from his own loins Judges 9 1 a Jerubbaal is another name for Gideon and probably means let Baal contend; here and throughout this chapter; see Judges 6:32. 4 b 70 shekels is approximately 1.76 pounds or 797.8 grams of silver. 6 c Or terebinth or great tree 23 d Or a harmful spirit 29 e LXX; Hebrew I would remove Abimelech.” And he said to him, “Muster your army and come out!” 31 f Or he sent messengers to Abimelech in Arumah; see verse 41. 31 g Or besieging or closing up 37 h Literally the navel of the earth 37 i Or the Diviners’ Terebinth or the diviners’ tree 46 j El-berith was another name for Baal-berith; see verse 4. Judges 10 2 a Or governed or led; here and throughout the book of Judges 4 b Or the villages of Jair 12 c Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts Midianites Judges 11 16 a Or the Sea of Reeds Judges 12 7 a LXX in his city in Gilead Judges 13 3 a Or Angel; here and throughout chapter 13; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized. 5 b Or set apart 25 c Mahaneh-dan means camp of Dan. Judges 14 11 a Or when the bride’s parents saw him; literally when they saw him 15 b LXX and Syriac; Hebrew seventh Judges 15 8 a Literally he struck them hip and thigh 9 b Literally and spread out in Lehi 16 c Or I have made them into donkeys 17 d Ramath-lehi means the hill of the jawbone. 19 e En-hakkore means the spring of him who calls. Judges 16 5 a 1,100 shekels is approximately 27.6 pounds or 12.5 kilograms of silver. 13 b See LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew does not include and tighten it with a pin, I will become as weak as any other man. 14 c See LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew does not include So while he slept, Delilah took the seven braids of his hair and wove them into the web. 19 d Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts he began to grow weak Judges 17 2 a 1,100 shekels is approximately 27.6 pounds or 12.5 kilograms of silver; also in verse 3. 4 b 200 shekels is approximately 5 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of silver. 5 c Hebrew filled the hand of; also in verse 12 10 d 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams of silver. Judges 18 12 a Mahaneh-dan means camp of Dan. 30 b Some Hebrew and LXX manuscripts and Vulgate; other Hebrew and LXX manuscripts the son of Manasseh Judges 19 2 a LXX became angry with him 18 b LXX I am going to my home; see verse 29. Judges 20 10 a One Hebrew manuscript; most Hebrew manuscripts Geba, a variant of Gibeah 33 b Some LXX manuscripts and Vulgate; Hebrew charged from their positions in Maareh-geba or charged from their positions into the open space of Geba Judges 21 11 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. Ruth 1 8 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 20 b Naomi means pleasant. 20 c Mara means bitter. 20 d Hebrew Shaddai; also in verse 21 Ruth 2 17 a An ephah is approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters (probably about 29 pounds or 13.2 kilograms of barley). 20 b The Hebrew word for kinsman-redeemer or guardian-redeemer is a legal term for the kinsman who redeems or vindicates a relative; see Leviticus 25:25–55. Ruth 3 9 a Or Spread your wing; the word for wing can also mean corner of a garment; see Ruth 2:12. 9 b The Hebrew word for kinsman-redeemer or guardian-redeemer is a legal term for the kinsman who redeems or vindicates a relative; similarly in verses 12 and 13; see Leviticus 25:25–55. 12 c That is, more closely related 15 d Possibly six seahs (two ephahs), or approximately 39.6 dry quarts or 43.8 liters (about 58 pounds or 26.3 kilograms of barley) 15 e Most Hebrew manuscripts; many Hebrew manuscripts, Vulgate, and Syriac she went Ruth 4 1 a The Hebrew word for kinsman-redeemer or guardian-redeemer is a legal term for the kinsman who redeems or vindicates a relative; also in verses 3, 6, 8, and 14; see Leviticus 25:25–55. 4 b Many Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts he 20 c A few Hebrew manuscripts, some LXX manuscripts, and Vulgate (see also verse 21 and LXX of 1 Chronicles 2:11); most Hebrew manuscripts Salma 1 Samuel 1 1 a Or from Ramathaim, a Zuphite; see LXX and 1 Chronicles 6:26 and 35. 1 b Elihu is also called Eliab and Eliel; see 1 Chronicles 6:27 and 34. 5 c Or a choice portion 20 d Samuel sounds like the Hebrew for heard of God. 22 e MT; DSS include I will offer him as a Nazirite for all time. 23 f MT; DSS, LXX, and Syriac your word 24 g DSS, LXX, and Syriac; MT three bulls 24 h An ephah is approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters (probably about 25.5 pounds or 11.6 kilograms of flour). 28 i One DSS manuscript; MT he worshiped 1 Samuel 2 1 a Or strength; also in verse 10 17 b DSS and LXX; MT men 20 c DSS; MT in place of the one requested from the LORD 25 d Or the judges 29 e Or scorn 33 f Hebrew; LXX his eyes will fail and his heart will grieve 33 g Or increase 33 h DSS and LXX; MT will die as mortals or will die in the prime of life 1 Samuel 3 13 a LXX; Hebrew made themselves contemptible 1 Samuel 4 3 a Or He may go 7 b Or A god has entered 18 c Or governed or led 21 d Ichabod means no glory. 21 e Or gone into exile; also in verse 22 1 Samuel 5 2 a Literally set it beside Dagon 6 b Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate include And rats appeared in their land, and death and destruction were throughout the city. 11 c Or He will not 1 Samuel 6 6 a Or make heavy; similarly again in this verse 18 b Or great meadow; Hebrew Abel-haggedolah 19 c A few late Hebrew manuscripts and Josephus; most Hebrew manuscripts 70 men and 50,000 men; LXX 70 men and 50,000 men of the people; Syriac and Arabic 70 men and 5,000 men; alternately, possibly 70 men and 50 oxen 1 Samuel 7 6 a Or governed or led; similarly in verses 15, 16, and 17 12 b Hebrew; LXX and Syriac Jeshanah 12 c Ebenezer means stone of help. 1 Samuel 8 1 a Or governors or leaders; similarly in verses 2, 5, 6, and 20 16 b LXX; Hebrew your best young men 1 Samuel 9 8 a A quarter shekel is approximately 0.1 ounces or 2.85 grams of silver. 1 Samuel 10 1 a Hebrew; LXX “Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over Israel? And you will rule over the LORD’s people and save them from their enemies around them. This will be the sign to you that the LORD has appointed you to be leader over His inheritance. 3 b Or Terebinth or Great Tree 5 c Hebrew Gibeath-Elohim, meaning the hill of God 10 d Gibeah means the hill. 21 e LXX includes And he brought the family of the Matrites near, man by man. 27 f MT and LXX; one DSS manuscript includes Nahash, king of the Ammonites, had viciously oppressed the people of Gad and Reuben, gouging out the right eye of each Israelite dwelling there. He would not allow anyone to rescue them, and there was no Israelite east of the Jordan whose right eye had not been gouged out. But 7,000 men had escaped from the Ammonites and settled in Jabesh-gilead. 1 Samuel 11 1 a DSS and LXX About a month later Nahash 1 b Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant. 8 c DSS and LXX 70,000 1 Samuel 12 3 a Hebrew And I will restore it; LXX Testify against me, and I will restore it 6 b Hebrew; LXX The LORD is the witness who 8 c Hebrew; LXX includes and the Egyptians oppressed them 9 d LXX the army of Jabin king of Hazor 11 e Jerubbaal is another name for Gideon and probably means let Baal contend; see Judges 6:32. 11 f LXX and Syriac; Hebrew Bedan 11 g LXX and Syriac Samson 14 h then all will be well is implied; Literally If you fear the LORD and serve Him and obey His voice, and if you do not rebel against the command of the LORD, (then) both you and the king who reigns over you will follow the LORD your God. 15 i Hebrew; LXX against your king 1 Samuel 13 1 a A few late LXX manuscripts; MT Saul was a son of a year 1 b Or over Israel forty years (see Acts 13:21); MT over Israel two years 5 c Some LXX manuscripts and Syriac; Hebrew thirty thousand 15 d LXX Then Samuel set out, and the rest of the people went up after Saul to meet the army; they went up from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin. 20 e LXX; Hebrew and plowshares; (so plowshare appears twice in the Hebrew). 21 f A pim possibly refers to a polished stone weighing approximately 0.25 ounces or 7 grams found in excavations. This is equivalent to about two-thirds of a shekel and likely refers to the price charged by the Philistines for the services listed. 21 g Hebrew does not include the currency unit of a shekel charged for sharpening a pitchfork, an axe, or an oxgoad; alternatively, possibly a third of a pim for each. 1 Samuel 14 2 a Or around the rock of Rimmon or in the pomegranate cave; see Judges 20:45, Judges 20:47, and Judges 21:13. 14 b Hebrew half a yoke. A yoke was the amount of land plowed by a pair of yoked oxen in one day. 15 c Or and a terrible panic spread 16 d Or melting away and going here and there 18 e Hebrew; LXX “Bring the ephod.” For at that time he wore the ephod before the Israelites. 27 f Or his strength was renewed; similarly in verse 29 41 g LXX and Vulgate; MT contains only the short quotation, “Give a perfect (lot).” 47 h MT; DSS and LXX king 47 i Or he inflicted punishment on them from Hebrew; LXX he was victorious 1 Samuel 15 3 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 8, 9, 15, 18, 20, and 21. 9 b Or the grown bulls 32 c Or cautiously or in chains; see DSS and LXX. 32 d Or “Surely this is the bitterness of death.” See DSS and LXX. 1 Samuel 16 9 a Shammah is a variant of Shimeah, Shimea, and Shimei; see 2 Samuel 13:3, 2 Samuel 21:21, and 1 Chronicles 2:13. 14 b Or a harmful spirit; similarly in verses 15, 16, and 23 1 Samuel 17 4 a Goliath was approximately 9 feet 9 inches or 297 centimeters tall; LXX, DSS, and Josephus four cubits and a span in height (approximately 6 feet 9 inches or 206 centimeters tall). 5 b 5,000 shekels is approximately 125.6 pounds or 57 kilograms. 7 c 600 shekels is approximately 15.1 pounds or 6.8 kilograms. 12 d LXX and Syriac; Hebrew he had become advanced among men 17 e An ephah is approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters of roasted grain. 18 f Or some token from them or some pledge from them 52 g LXX; Hebrew of Gai; that is, of the valley 1 Samuel 18 6 a Possibly three-stringed instruments or cymbals or lutes or lyres 10 b Or a harmful spirit 19 c Or But when it was time 1 Samuel 19 9 a Or a harmful spirit 13 b Or a household god; Hebrew teraphim; also in verse 16 1 Samuel 20 5 a That is, the New Moon feast; also in verses 18, 24, and 27 14 b Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 19 c Ezel means departure. 25 d LXX; Hebrew by the wall. Jonathan arose and Abner sat down by Saul’s side, 41 e Hebrew from the south side; LXX from beside the stone 1 Samuel 22 3 a Syriac and Vulgate; Hebrew go forth 1 Samuel 23 11 a Some manuscripts omit this question. 28 b Sela-hammahlekoth means Rock of Escape. 1 Samuel 24 3 a Literally cover his feet, a euphemism for relieving oneself 1 Samuel 25 1 a Hebrew and some LXX manuscripts; other LXX manuscripts Maon 18 b 5 seahs is approximately 33 dry quarts or 36.5 liters of roasted grain. 22 c Some LXX manuscripts; MT David’s enemies 25 d Nabal means fool. 29 e Literally fling away the souls of your enemies as from the pocket of a sling 44 f Palti is a variant of Paltiel; see 2 Samuel 3:15. 1 Samuel 27 2 a Maoch is a variant of Maacah; see 1 Kings 2:39. 1 Samuel 28 6 a Literally Lights 13 b Or I see a spirit or I see a divine being 1 Samuel 30 2 a LXX; Hebrew does not include and all. 2 Samuel 1 18 a Or be taught the use of the bow; literally be taught the bow 18 b Or the Book of the Upright One, commonly cited as Jasher; note that the Song of the Bow that follows is not found in known manuscripts attributed to Jasher. 21 c Or no showers falling on your terraced fields; LXX no fields of firstfruits; Hebrew no fields of offerings 2 Samuel 2 6 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 8 b Ish-bosheth is also called Esh-baal; see 1 Chronicles 8:33. 16 c Helkath-hazzurim means the Field of Swords. 29 d See LXX; Hebrew marched all through Bithron 2 Samuel 3 3 a LXX Daluia; some translators Daniel; see 1 Chronicles 3:1. 15 b Paltiel is a variant of Palti; see 1 Samuel 25:44. 2 Samuel 5 8 a Or who are enemies of David 9 b Hebrew the Millo 14 c Shammua is a variant of Shimea; see 1 Chronicles 3:5. 20 d Baal-perazim means The Lord Bursts Out. 23 e Or aspen trees or poplar trees; also in verse 24 25 f LXX (see also 1 Chronicles 14:16); Hebrew Geba 2 Samuel 6 2 a That is, Kiriath-jearim; see 1 Chronicles 13:6. 2 b Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate do not include the Name— 4 c DSS and some LXX manuscripts; MT includes from the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill. 5 d Literally before the LORD with all woods of cypress; LXX playing before the Lord on well-tuned instruments mightily, and with songs; some of the instruments in this verse are uncertain; see 1 Chronicles 13:8. 6 e Nacon is a variant of Chidon; see 1 Chronicles 13:9. 7 f MT; DSS for this 8 g Perez-uzzah means outbreak against Uzzah. 19 h Or a portion of meat 2 Samuel 7 7 a Or tribes 14 b Cited in Hebrews 1:5 16 c Some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX; most Hebrew manuscripts you 19 d Or And this is Your instruction for mankind, O Lord GOD. 23 e See LXX and 1 Chronicles 17:21; Hebrew You performed for Yourself great and awesome wonders for Your land, before Your people, whom You have redeemed for Yourself from Egypt, from nations and their gods. 2 Samuel 8 1 a Metheg-ammah means bridle of the mother city. 3 b LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate (see also 1 Chronicles 18:3); Hebrew along the River, or an alternate reading along the Euphrates 4 c LXX (see also DSS and 1 Chronicles 18:4); MT captured from him seventeen hundred charioteers 8 d Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts Tebah; see 1 Chronicles 18:8. 9 e Toi is a variant of Tou; also in verse 10; see 1 Chronicles 18:9. 10 f Joram is a variant of Hadoram; see 1 Chronicles 18:10. 12 g Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac (see also verse 14 and 1 Chronicles 18:11); most Hebrew manuscripts Aram 13 h A few Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac (see also verse 14 and 1 Chronicles 18:12); most Hebrew manuscripts Arameans 17 i Seraiah is also called Sheva, Shisha, and Shavsha; see 2 Samuel 20:25, 1 Kings 4:3, and 1 Chronicles 18:16. 18 j Literally priests, or possibly chief officials; see LXX, Targum Yonaton, and 1 Chronicles 18:17. 2 Samuel 9 6 a Mephibosheth is also called Merib-baal; see 1 Chronicles 8:34. 11 b LXX; Hebrew my table 12 c Mica is a variant of Micah; see 1 Chronicles 8:34. 2 Samuel 10 16 a Hebrew the River 16 b Shobach is a variant of Shophach; see 1 Chronicles 19:16. 18 c Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 19:18); Hebrew horsemen 2 Samuel 11 1 a Literally At the turn of the year 3 b Eliam is a variant of Ammiel; see 1 Chronicles 3:5. 11 c Or staying at Sukkoth 21 d Jerubbesheth is also known as Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon. 2 Samuel 12 3 a Hebrew in his bosom; also in verse 8 14 b DSS; MT you have brought utter contempt from the enemies of the LORD 16 c DSS and LXX; MT does not include in sackcloth. 24 d Or she or he 25 e Literally to name him Jedidiah because of the LORD; Jedidiah means beloved of the LORD 27 f Or and have captured the city of waters 30 g Or from the head of Milcom. Milcom, also called Molech, was god of the Ammonites; see Leviticus 18:21 and 1 Kings 11:7. 30 h A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of gold. 31 i Literally put them under saws 31 j Literally and he made them pass through the brick kilns. 2 Samuel 13 3 a Shimeah is a variant of Shammah, Shimea, and Shimei; see 1 Samuel 16:9, 2 Samuel 21:21, and 1 Chronicles 2:13. 18 b Or a robe with long sleeves; see also Genesis 37:3. 21 c DSS and LXX include But he would not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, since he was his firstborn. 27 d LXX and Vulgate include And Absalom prepared a feast fit for a king. 34 e Or behind him 34 f LXX; Hebrew does not include And the watchman.... 39 g MT; DSS and LXX And the spirit of the king 39 h Or ceased to go out after Absalom 2 Samuel 14 17 a Or Angel; also in verse 20 26 b 200 shekels is approximately 5 pounds or 2.3 kilograms of hair. 30 c LXX includes So the servants of Joab came to him with their clothes torn and said to him, “The servants of Absalom have set your field on fire.” 2 Samuel 15 7 a Syriac and some LXX manuscripts; Hebrew forty 8 b Some LXX manuscripts; Hebrew does not include in Hebron. 20 c LXX; Hebrew May loving devotion and faithfulness be with you. 24 d Or Abiathar went up 27 e Hebrew; LXX Behold, 27 f Literally your son Ahimaaz and Jonathan son of Abiathar, your two sons with you 2 Samuel 16 14 a Some LXX manuscripts arrived at the Jordan 2 Samuel 17 3 a LXX; see also DSS; MT and bring all the people back to you. When everyone returns except the man you seek, 9 b Or If he should attack your troops first 25 c Ithra is a variant of Jether; see 1 Kings 2:5. 25 d Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 2:17); MT and other LXX manuscripts Israelite 25 e Or Abigal, a variant of Abigail 25 f Or of Jesse; see DSS and 1 Chronicles 2:13–16 28 g Most LXX manuscripts and Syriac; Hebrew includes roasted seeds. 2 Samuel 18 3 a Two Hebrew manuscripts, some LXX manuscripts, and Vulgate; most Hebrew manuscripts care; for now there are ten thousand like us 9 b Or large terebinth or very great tree; similarly in verses 10 and 14 11 c 10 shekels is approximately 4 ounces or 114 grams of silver. 12 d 1,000 shekels is approximately 25.1 pounds or 11.4 kilograms of silver. 12 e A few Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts Whoever you may be, protect the young man Absalom. or Let no one touch the young man Absalom. 13 f Or If I had dealt treacherously against his life 23 g That is, the plain of the Jordan 2 Samuel 19 26 a LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate Saddle a donkey for me; Hebrew I will saddle a donkey for myself 27 b Or Angel 2 Samuel 20 6 a Or and snatch away our eyes or and do us serious harm 8 b Literally Now Joab was dressed in military attire, and over it was a belt around his waist with a dagger in its sheath. And as he stepped forward, it fell out. 14 c Hebrew to Abel and Beth-maacah; see verse 15. 14 d Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate Bicrites 24 e Adoram is a variant of Adoniram and Hadoram; see 1 Kings 4:6 and 2 Chronicles 10:18. 25 f Sheva is also called Seraiah, Shisha, and Shavsha; see 2 Samuel 8:17, 1 Kings 4:3, and 1 Chronicles 18:16. 26 g Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts and Syriac Ithrite; see 2 Samuel 23:38. 2 Samuel 21 6 a Or expose them or execute them; similarly in verse 9 8 b Two Hebrew manuscripts, some LXX manuscripts, and Syriac (see also 1 Samuel 18:19); most Hebrew and LXX manuscripts Michal 16 c Or the giant; also in verses 18, 20, and 22 16 d 300 shekels is approximately 7.5 pounds or 3.4 kilograms. 18 e Saph is a variant of Sippai; see 1 Chronicles 20:4. 19 f See 1 Chronicles 20:5; Hebrew Jaare-oregim 19 g See 1 Chronicles 20:5; Hebrew does not include the brother of. 21 h Shimei is a variant of Shammah, Shimeah, and Shimea; see 1 Samuel 16:9, 2 Samuel 13:3, and 1 Chronicles 2:13. 2 Samuel 22 8 a Most Hebrew sources; Vulgate, Syriac, and two Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalm 18:7) mountains 11 b Many Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalm 18:10); most Hebrew manuscripts He was seen 13 c Or bolts of lightning 25 d Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate (see also Psalm 18:24) according to the cleanness of my hands 36 e Or and Your help exalts me or and You stoop down to make me great 46 f Some LXX manuscripts and Vulgate (see also Psalm 18:45); MT and arm themselves 50 g Cited in Romans 15:9 2 Samuel 23 1 a Or the hero of the songs of Israel or the favorite of the Strong One of Israel 8 b Tahchemonite is probably a variant of Hachmonite; see 1 Chronicles 11:11. 8 c Or chief among the captains 8 d Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 11:11); Hebrew He was called Adino the Eznite because of 9 e Dodo is a variant of Dodai; see 1 Chronicles 27:4. 18 f Most Hebrew manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 11:20); two Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac the Thirty 19 g Hebrew; Syriac the Thirty 20 h Or Benaiah son of Jehoiada was the son of Ishhai 20 i Or two sons of Ariel 24 j Literally In the Thirty (were): 27 k Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts Sibbecai; see 2 Samuel 21:18 and 1 Chronicles 11:29. 29 l Some Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate (see also 1 Chronicles 11:30); most MT manuscripts Heleb 29 m Ittai is a variant of Ithai; see 1 Chronicles 11:31. 30 n Hiddai is a variant of Hurai; see 1 Chronicles 11:32. 30 o Or from the ravines 32 p Jashen is a variant of Hashem; see 1 Chronicles 11:34. 33 q Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 11:34); Hebrew Jonathan, 33Shammah 33 r Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts Sachar; see 1 Chronicles 11:35. 2 Samuel 24 2 a LXX to Joab and the army commanders with him 6 b Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts to Gilead and to the land of the Hittites 7 c Or to the south of Judah 13 d LXX (see also 1 Chronicles 21:12); Hebrew seven 15 e Literally and of the people from Dan to Beersheba, seventy thousand men died 16 f Araunah is a variant of Ornan; see 1 Chronicles 21:15 and 2 Chronicles 3:1. 17 g DSS and LXX; MT does not include the shepherd. 24 h 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of silver. 1 Kings 1 9 a Or the Serpent’s Stone 25 b Hebrew; LXX Joab the commander 48 c LXX one of my offspring 1 Kings 2 5 a Jether is a variant of Ithra; also in verse 32; see 2 Samuel 17:25. 5 b Hebrew; LXX He stained with innocent blood the belt around my waist and the sandals on my feet. 7 c Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 39 d Maacah is a variant of Maoch; see 1 Samuel 27:2. 1 Kings 3 10 a Hebrew Adonai; also in verse 15 1 Kings 4 3 a Shisha is also called Seraiah, Sheva, and Shavsha; see 2 Samuel 8:17, 2 Samuel 20:25, and 1 Chronicles 18:16. 6 b Adoniram is a variant of Adoram and Hadoram; see 2 Samuel 20:24 and 2 Chronicles 10:18. 11 c Or in all the heights of Dor; Naphath-dor is a variant of Naphoth-dor; see Joshua 11:2. 19 d Some LXX manuscripts; Hebrew And he was the one governor in the land. 21 e Hebrew the River; also in verse 24 22 f 30 cors is approximately 187 bushels or 6,600 liters (probably about 5.5 tons or 5 metric tons of flour). 22 g 60 cors is approximately 375 bushels or 13,200 liters (probably about 11 tons or 10 metric tons of meal). 24 h Or beyond the River 26 i Some LXX manuscripts (see also 2 Chronicles 9:25); Hebrew 40,000 26 j Or horsemen or charioteers 1 Kings 5 8 a Or pine or juniper or fir; also in verse 10 9 b That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 11 c 20,000 cors is approximately 124,800 bushels or 4.4 million liters (probably about 3,800 tons or 3,400 metric tons of wheat). 11 d LXX (see also 2 Chronicles 2:10); 20,000 baths is approximately 116,000 gallons or 440,000 liters of olive oil; Hebrew twenty cors of pure oil or twenty cors of pressed oil 12 e Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant. 16 f Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts 3,600; see 2 Chronicles 2:18. 1 Kings 6 1 a Hebrew; LXX four hundred and fortieth 1 b Ziv was the second month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of April and May; also in verse 37. 2 c The house was approximately 90 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 45 feet high (27.4 meters long, 9.1 meters wide, and 13.7 meters high). 3 d 20 cubits is approximately 30 feet or 9.1 meters; also in verses 16 and 20. 3 e 10 cubits is approximately 15 feet or 4.6 meters; also in verses 23–26. 6 f 5 cubits is approximately 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters; also in verses 10 and 24. 6 g 6 cubits is approximately 9 feet or 2.7 meters. 6 h 7 cubits is approximately 10.5 feet or 3.2 meters. 8 i LXX and Targum; Hebrew middle 15 j Or pine or juniper or fir; also in verse 34 16 k Or the Holy of Holies 17 l 40 cubits is approximately 60 feet or 18.3 meters. 20 m Or with cedar 21 n Or made gold chains to draw (the curtains) 38 o Bul was the eighth month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of October and November. 1 Kings 7 2 a The house was approximately 150 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high (45.7 meters long, 22.9 meters wide, and 13.7 meters high). 5 b Literally doorways and doorposts 6 c The colonnade was approximately 75 feet long and 45 feet wide (22.9 meters long and 13.7 meters wide). 7 d Syriac and Vulgate; Hebrew from floor to floor 10 e 10 cubits is approximately 15 feet or 4.6 meters. 10 f 8 cubits is approximately 12 feet or 3.7 meters. 13 g Hebrew Hiram, a variant of Huram; also in verses 40 and 45; see 2 Chronicles 4:11. Note that this is not Hiram king of Tyre mentioned in 1 Kings 5:1. 15 h Each pillar was approximately 27 feet high and 18 feet in circumference (8.2 meters high and 5.5 meters in circumference). 16 i 5 cubits is approximately 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters. 17 j Hebrew; LXX one for each capital 19 k 4 cubits is approximately 6 feet or 1.8 meters; also in verse 38. 21 l Jachin probably means He establishes. 21 m Boaz probably means in Him is strength. 23 n The Sea was approximately 15 feet from rim to rim, 7.5 feet in height, and 45 feet in circumference (4.6 meters from rim to rim, 2.3 meters in height, and 13.7 meters in circumference). 26 o A handbreadth is approximately 2.9 inches or 7.4 centimeters. 26 p 2,000 baths is approximately 11,600 gallons or 44,000 liters; LXX does not include this sentence. 27 q The stands were approximately 6 feet in length and width, and 4.5 feet high (1.8 meters in length and width, and 1.4 meters high). 31 r One cubit is approximately 18 inches or 45.7 centimeters. 31 s A cubit and a half is approximately 2.25 feet or 68.6 centimeters wide; similarly in verse 32. 35 t Half a cubit is approximately 9 inches or 22.9 centimeters high. 38 u 40 baths is approximately 232 gallons or 880 liters. 40 v Many Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate (see also verse 45 and 2 Chronicles 4:11); many other Hebrew manuscripts basins 46 w Zarethan is a variant of Zeredah; see 2 Chronicles 4:17. 50 x Or the Holy of Holies 1 Kings 8 2 a That is, the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters); similarly in verse 65; see Leviticus 23:33–36. 2 b Ethanim was the seventh month of the ancient Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of September and October. 6 c Or the Holy of Holies 8 d Literally not from outside 9 e That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 12 f Some LXX manuscripts The Lord has set the sun in the heavens, but 66 g Hebrew On the eighth day, probably referring to the day following the seven-day feast; see 2 Chronicles 7:9–10. 1 Kings 9 8 a Some LXX manuscripts, Syriac, and Arabic; Hebrew And though this temple is now exalted; see also 2 Chronicles 7:21. 11 b Or pine or juniper or fir 13 c Cabul sounds like the Hebrew for good-for-nothing. 14 d 120 talents is approximately 4.52 tons or 4.1 metric tons of gold. 15 e Hebrew the Millo; also in verse 24 18 f Alternate MT reading; the other alternate reads Tadmor 18 g Hebrew in the wilderness in the land 19 h Or horsemen or charioteers 21 i Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 26 j Eloth is a variant of Elath; see LXX, 2 Kings 14:22, and 2 Kings 16:6. 26 k Or the Sea of Reeds 28 l 420 talents is approximately 15.8 tons or 14.4 metric tons of gold. 1 Kings 10 8 a LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate your wives 10 b 120 talents is approximately 4.52 tons or 4.1 metric tons of gold. 11 c Almug is probably a variant of algum; also in verse 12; see 2 Chronicles 2:8. 14 d 666 talents is approximately 25.1 tons or 22.8 metric tons of gold. 16 e 600 shekels is approximately 15.1 pounds or 6.8 kilograms of gold. 17 f 3 minas is approximately 3.77 pounds or 1.71 kilograms of gold; possibly a reference to double minas, that is, approximately 7.54 pounds or 3.42 kilograms. 22 g Or a fleet of trading ships; twice in this verse 22 h Or baboons 26 i Literally Solomon accumulated chariots and horses; he had 26 j Or horsemen or charioteers 27 k Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 28 l Probably an area in Cilicia, a province in the southeast of Asia Minor 29 m 600 shekels is approximately 15.1 pounds or 6.8 kilograms of silver. 29 n 150 shekels is approximately 3.8 pounds or 1.7 kilograms of silver. 1 Kings 11 5 a Milcom is a variant of Molech; also in verse 33; see verse 7 and Leviticus 18:21. 27 b Hebrew the Millo 33 c Hebrew; LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate he has; twice in this verse 1 Kings 12 2 a Or he remained 18 b Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts and Syriac Adoniram; see 1 Kings 4:6 and 1 Kings 5:14. 25 c Penuel is a variant of Peniel; see Genesis 32:30. 28 d Hebrew to them 30 e Likely reading of the original Hebrew text; MT the people walked to the one as far as Dan; LXX the people went to the one at Bethel and to the other as far as Dan 32 f This feast was exactly one month after the annual Feast of Tabernacles in Judah; see Leviticus 23:34. 1 Kings 13 2 a See 2 Kings 23:16. 11 b LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew son 12 c LXX; Hebrew had seen 14 d Or a terebinth or a great tree 1 Kings 14 10 a Literally (all) those who urinate against a wall 13 b Literally who will come to the grave 15 c Hebrew the River 31 d Abijam is a variant of Abijah; some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX Abijah; see 2 Chronicles 12:16. 1 Kings 15 1 a Abijam is a variant of Abijah; some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX Abijah; also in verses 3, 6, 7, and 8; see 2 Chronicles 12:16. 2 b Abishalom is a variant of Absalom; also in verse 10; see 2 Chronicles 11:20. 6 c Literally war between Rehoboam (most Hebrew manuscripts); some Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac war between Abijam (that is, Abijah); most LXX texts do not contain this verse. 6 d Literally of his life 10 e Or The queen mother’s; Hebrew His mother’s; see verses 2 and 13. 19 f Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant; twice in this verse. 22 g Or Then King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah 1 Kings 16 24 a 2 talents is approximately 151 pounds or 68.4 kilograms of silver. 34 b See Joshua 6:26. 1 Kings 17 1 a Or who was from Tishbe in Gilead 3 b Or the Cherith Ravine, near the Jordan; also in verse 5 1 Kings 18 1 a Literally And the days were many, and in the third year, 32 b 2 seahs is approximately 13.2 dry quarts or 14.6 liters (probably about 25.4 pounds or 11.5 kilograms of seed). 34 c Some texts continue verse 33 to this point. 46 d Hebrew he girded up his loins 1 Kings 19 8 a That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 10 b Cited in Romans 11:3; here and in verse 14 16 c Or grandson; see 2 Kings 9:14. 18 d Cited in Romans 11:4 1 Kings 20 3 a Some texts break verse 2 and begin verse 3 at this point. 12 b Or in Succoth; also in verse 16 22 c Literally at the turn of the year; similarly in verse 26 34 d Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant; twice in this verse. 39 e A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of silver. 42 f Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 1 Kings 21 19 a See 1 Kings 22:38 21 b See LXX; the source of the quotation is clarified in verses 17 and 23; Hebrew Behold. 23 c Most Hebrew manuscripts; a few Hebrew manuscripts, Vulgate, and Syriac (see also 2 Kings 9:36) ‘The dogs will devour Jezebel at the plot of ground at Jezreel.’ 1 Kings 22 21 a Some texts break verse 21 and begin verse 22 at this point. 34 b Literally Turn your hand 38 c Or the pool of Samaria, where they cleaned the weapons 38 d See 1 Kings 21:19. 48 e Or a fleet of trading ships 2 Kings 1 8 a Or He had a garment of hair 17 b Jehoram is a variant spelling of Joram. 2 Kings 2 21 a Or barrenness 23 b Or some small youths or some insignificant young men; similarly in verse 24 2 Kings 3 1 a Jehoram is a variant spelling of Joram; also in verse 6. 4 b Or sheepherder 11 c Or He was Elijah’s personal assistant 15 d Or a musician; twice in this verse 27 e Or And Israel’s fury was great 2 Kings 4 29 a Literally Gird up your loins 2 Kings 5 1 a A leper, or one with leprosy, was one afflicted with a skin disease; here and throughout this chapter; see Leviticus 13. 5 b 10 talents is approximately 754 pounds or 342 kilograms of silver. 5 c 6,000 shekels is approximately 150.8 pounds or 68.4 kilograms of gold. 22 d A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of silver. 2 Kings 6 10 a Literally Not once and not twice 25 b 80 shekels is approximately 2 pounds or 907.2 grams of silver. 25 c Or a quarter cab of seed pods; that is, approximately 0.28 dry quarts or 0.31 liters 25 d 5 shekels is approximately 2 ounces or 57 grams of silver. 2 Kings 7 1 a A seah is approximately 6.6 dry quarts or 7.3 liters (probably about 8.2 pounds or 3.7 kilograms of flour); here and in verses 16 and 18. 1 b A shekel is approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams, probably of silver; here and in verses 16 and 18. 1 c 2 seahs is approximately 13.2 dry quarts or 14.6 liters (probably about 19.3 pounds or 8.8 kilograms of barley); here and in verses 16 and 18. 3 d Leprosy was a term used for various skin diseases; here and in verse 8; see Leviticus 13. 2 Kings 8 10 a Or “Go and say, ‘You will surely not recover.’ And the LORD 20 b Literally In his days 21 c Hebrew Joram, a variant of Jehoram (the son of Jehoshaphat), as in verse 16; also in verses 23 and 24 29 d Ramah is a variant of Ramoth; see verse 28. 2 Kings 9 1 a Literally Gird up your loins 8 b Literally (all) those who urinate against a wall 15 c Or Jehoram, a variant of Joram; also in verses 17, 21, 22, 23, and 24 20 d Or grandson of Nimshi; see verse 14. 22 e Hebrew adultery or prostitution, here a metaphor for idolatry 23 f Literally turned his hands 27 g See Syriac, Vulgate, and LXX; Hebrew “Shoot him, too, in his chariot!” (They did this) on the Ascent of Gur, 31 h Or “Is there peace for Zimri, the murderer of his master?” See 1 Kings 16:10. 37 i See verse 10 and 1 Kings 21:23. 2 Kings 10 1 a Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate officials of the city 1 b Hebrew does not include of the sons. 16 c LXX, Syriac, and Targum Yonaton; Hebrew they had him ride 24 d LXX he went in; see also verse 25. 2 Kings 11 2 a Jehosheba is a variant of Jehoshabeath; see 2 Chronicles 22:11. 2 b Joram is a variant spelling of Jehoram. 4 c Or the mercenaries or the executioners; also in verse 19 15 d Or out from the precincts 21 e Hebrew Jehoash, a variant of Joash (son of Ahaziah) as in verse 2 2 Kings 12 1 a Hebrew Jehoash, a variant of Joash (son of Ahaziah); also in verses 2, 4, 6, 7, and 18; see 2 Kings 11:2. 21 b Hebrew; LXX and Syriac Jozacar 21 c Shomer is a variant of Shimrith; see 2 Chronicles 24:26. 2 Kings 13 6 a LXX, Syriac, Targum Yonaton, and Vulgate; Hebrew he continued to walk in them 9 b Hebrew Joash, a variant of Jehoash; also in verses 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 25 20 c Literally into the land at the coming in of the year 2 Kings 14 1 a Hebrew Joash, a variant of Jehoash; also in verses 13, 23, and 27 6 b Deuteronomy 24:16 13 c 400 cubits is approximately 600 feet or 182.9 meters. 21 d Azariah is also called Uzziah; see 2 Chronicles 26:1. 22 e Elath is a variant of Eloth; see 1 Kings 9:26. 25 f That is, the Dead Sea 29 g Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts include and he was buried in Samaria with 2 Kings 15 1 a Azariah is also called Uzziah; also in verses 6, 7, 8, 17, 23, and 27; see 2 Chronicles 26:1. 5 b Leprosy was a term used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. 7 c Literally with his fathers; see 2 Chronicles 26:23. 10 d Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts in Ibleam 13 e Uzziah is also called Azariah; also in verses 32 and 34; see verse 1. 19 f Pul is another name for Tiglath-pileser; see verse 29. 19 g 1,000 talents is approximately 37.7 tons or 34.2 metric tons of silver. 20 h 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of silver. 33 i Jerusha is a variant of Jerushah; see 2 Chronicles 27:1. 2 Kings 16 3 a Literally made his son pass through the fire 6 b Elath is a variant of Eloth; see 1 Kings 9:26. 6 c Or Syria 18 d Or the base of his throne; see also LXX. 2 Kings 17 4 a So is likely an abbreviation for Osorkon. 12 b Exodus 20:4–6; Deuteronomy 5:8–10 17 c Literally made their sons and their daughters pass through the fire 2 Kings 18 2 a Abi is a variant of Abijah; see 2 Chronicles 29:1. 4 b Nehushtan sounds like the Hebrew for bronze and also for snake. 14 c 300 talents is approximately 11.3 tons or 10.3 metric tons of silver. 14 d 30 talents is approximately 1.13 tons or 1.03 metric tons of gold. 17 e Hebrew Tartan is the title of a field marshal, general, or commander in the Assyrian military. 17 f Hebrew Rabsaris is the title of the chief eunuch in the Assyrian military. 17 g Hebrew Rabshakeh is the title of a high-ranking Assyrian military officer; here and throughout chapters 18 and 19, as well as Isaiah 36 and 37. 26 h Or in the dialect of Judah; also in verse 28 31 i Or Make a blessing with me 2 Kings 19 9 a That is, the upper Nile region 11 b Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 23 c Or pines or junipers or firs 31 d LXX, many Hebrew manuscripts, and an alternate MT reading; the other alternate reads The zeal of the LORD. 37 e LXX and an alternate MT reading (see also Isaiah 37:38); MT lacks his sons. 2 Kings 20 4 a LXX and an alternate MT reading; the other alternate reads the middle of the city 12 b Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac (see also Isaiah 39:1); MT Berodach-baladan 20 c Or watercourse or conduit 2 Kings 21 6 a Literally made his son pass through the fire 2 Kings 22 12 a Achbor is another name for Abdon; see 2 Chronicles 34:20. 12 b Micaiah is a variant of Micah; see 2 Chronicles 34:20. 14 c Tikvah is a variant of Tokhath; see 2 Chronicles 34:22. 14 d Harhas is a variant of Hasrah; see 2 Chronicles 34:22. 14 e Or the Second Quarter, a newer section of Jerusalem; Hebrew the Mishneh 2 Kings 23 10 a Or the Valley of the Son of Hinnom 10 b Literally could pass his son or daughter through the fire 11 c Hebrew parbarim 12 d Or quickly removed them from there 13 e Milcom is a variant of Molech; see Leviticus 18:21 and 1 Kings 11:7. 15 f Hebrew; LXX broke into pieces 16 g See 1 Kings 13:2; Hebrew; LXX includes when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast. And he turned and lifted his eyes to the tomb of the man of God. 33 h 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver. 33 i A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of gold. 2 Kings 24 2 a Or Babylonian 2 Kings 25 1 a Literally He encamped outside it and they built 3 b Probable reading (see Jeremiah 52:6); MT does not include fourth. 4 c That is, the Babylonians; also in verses 5, 6, 10, 13, 24, 25, and 26 4 d Or the Jordan Valley 17 e 18 cubits is approximately 27 feet or 8.2 meters. 17 f 3 cubits is approximately 4.5 feet or 1.4 meters. 23 g Jaazaniah is a variant of Jezaniah; see Jeremiah 40:8. 27 h Literally lifted up the head of 1 Chronicles 1 4 a LXX; Hebrew does not include The sons of Noah:; see Genesis 5:32. 6 b Many Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate (see also LXX and Genesis 10:3); most Hebrew manuscripts Diphath 9 c Sabta is a variant of Sabtah; see Genesis 10:7. 10 d Or who established himself as a mighty warrior 12 e Some translators adjust the Hebrew word order to the Casluhites, and the Caphtorites (from whom the Philistines came); see also Jeremiah 47:4 and Amos 9:7. 13 f Or of the Sidonians, the foremost 13 g Hebrew and of Heth 17 h One Hebrew manuscript and some LXX manuscripts (see also Genesis 10:23); most Hebrew manuscripts do not include The sons of Aram. 17 i Meshech is a variant of Mash; see Genesis 10:23. 19 j Peleg means division. 22 k LXX and Syriac (see also Genesis 10:28); Hebrew Ebal 24 l Literally Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah; some LXX manuscripts Shem, Arphaxad, Cainan, Shelah; see also Genesis 10:24 LXX and Luke 3:35–36. 36 m Many Hebrew manuscripts, some LXX manuscripts, and Syriac (see also Genesis 36:11); most Hebrew manuscripts Zephi 39 n Homam is a variant of Hemam; see Genesis 36:22. 40 o LXX (see also Genesis 36:23); Hebrew Alian 40 p LXX (see also Genesis 36:23); Hebrew Shephi 41 q Hebrew sons 41 r LXX (see also Genesis 36:26); Hebrew Hamran 42 s LXX (see also Genesis 36:27); Hebrew Jaakan 43 t Or before an Israelite king ruled over them 48 u Hebrew the River 50 v Many MT manuscripts, some LXX manuscripts, Vulgate, and Syriac (see also Genesis 36:39); most MT manuscripts Pai 1 Chronicles 2 6 a Zimri is a variant of Zabdi; see Joshua 7:1. 6 b Most Hebrew manuscripts; many Hebrew manuscripts, some LXX manuscripts, and Syriac (see also 1 Kings 4:31) Darda 7 c Hebrew sons 7 d Achar means troubler; also called Achan in Joshua 7 and Joshua 22. 9 e Hebrew Chelubai, a variant of Caleb; see verse 18. 11 f LXX (see also Ruth 4:20–21); Hebrew Salma; twice in this verse 13 g Shimea is a variant of Shammah, Shimeah, and Shimei; see 1 Samuel 16:9, 2 Samuel 13:3, and 2 Samuel 21:21. 17 h Jether is a variant of Ithra; see 2 Samuel 17:25. 19 i Ephrath is a variant of Ephrathah; see verse 50. 23 j Or the villages of Jair 24 k Or After Hezron died, Caleb had relations with Ephrathah, the wife of Hezron his father, and she bore; see also LXX. 24 l Or the founder; also in verses 42, 45, 49, and possibly elsewhere 31 m Hebrew sons; three times in this verse 42 n Hebrew; LXX Mareshah 50 o LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew son 50 p Ephrathah is a variant of Ephrath; see verse 19. 55 q Or of the Sopherites 55 r Or the father of Beth-rekab or the founder of the house of Rechab 1 Chronicles 3 5 a Shimea is a variant of Shammua; see 2 Samuel 5:14 and 1 Chronicles 14:4. 5 b One Hebrew manuscript and Vulgate (see also LXX and 2 Samuel 11:3); most Hebrew manuscripts Bath-shua 5 c Ammiel is a variant of Eliam; see 2 Samuel 11:3. 6 d Hebrew does not include David’s other sons were. 6 e Two Hebrew manuscripts (see also 2 Samuel 5:15 and 1 Chronicles 14:5); most Hebrew manuscripts Elishama 11 f Joram is a variant spelling of Jehoram. 12 g Azariah is also called Uzziah; see 2 Chronicles 26:1. 15 h Shallum is another name for Jehoahaz. 16 i Jeconiah is a variant of Jehoiachin; also in verse 17; see 2 Kings 24:6. 1 Chronicles 4 3 a LXX (see also Vulgate); Hebrew These were of the father 4 b Or the founder; also in verses 5, 12, 14, 17, 18, and possibly elsewhere 7 c Alternate MT reading; the other alternate (see also Vulgate) reads Izhar. 9 d Jabez sounds like the Hebrew for pain or distress. 13 e Vulgate and some LXX; Hebrew does not include and Meonothai. 14 f Literally Ge-harashim, for they were craftsmen. The Hebrew Ge-harashim means valley of craftsmen. 15 g Hebrew sons 17 h Literally she gave birth 18 i This statement is at the end of verse 18 in the Hebrew. 18 j Or Judahite 19 k Or were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite 24 l Zerah is a variant of Zohar; see Genesis 46:10 and Exodus 6:15. 33 m Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts (see also Joshua 19:8) Baalath 41 n Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 1 Chronicles 5 6 a Hebrew Tilgath-pilneser, a variant spelling of Tiglath-pileser; also in verse 26 23 b Literally from Bashan to Baal-hermon and Senir and Mount Hermon. 1 Chronicles 6 14 a Jehozadak is a variant of Jozadak; also in verse 15; see Ezra 3:2. 16 b Gershom is a variant of Gershon; similarly in verses 17, 20, 43, 62, and 71; see verse 1. 23 c Ebiasaph is a variant of Abiasaph; also in verse 37; see Exodus 6:24. 26 d Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts Elkanah. The sons of Elkanah: 27 e Eliab is also called Eliel; see verse 34. Both of these are other names for Elihu; see 1 Samuel 1:1. 27 f Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts include and Samuel his son; see verses 33–34 and 1 Samuel 1:19–20. 28 g See Syriac and some LXX manuscripts (also verse 33 and 1 Samuel 8:2); Hebrew The sons of Samuel: the firstborn Vashni, then Abiah. 34 h Eliel is also called Eliab; see verse 27. Both of these are other names for Elihu; see 1 Samuel 1:1. 40 i Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts, one LXX manuscript, and Syriac Maaseiah 49 j Or the Holy of Holies 57 k As in the parallel text at Joshua 21:13; Hebrew were given the cities of refuge: Hebron, Libnah 58 l Some Hebrew manuscripts; MT Hilez; parallel text at Joshua 21:15 Holon 59 m Ashan is a variant of Ain; see Joshua 21:16. 59 n Syriac and the parallel text at Joshua 21:16; MT does not include Juttah, 60 o LXX, Syriac, and parallel text at Joshua 21:17; MT does not include Gibeon, 62 p Gershomites is a variant of Gershonites; also in verse 71; see 1 Chronicles 23:7. 67 q As in the parallel text at Joshua 21:21; Hebrew They were given the cities of refuge: Shechem 77 r LXX (they were given) Jokneam, Kartah, Rimmono, and Tabor; see Joshua 21:34. 78 s Jahzah is a variant of Jahaz; see Numbers 21:23. 1 Chronicles 7 1 a Puah is a variant of Puvah; see Genesis 46:13 and Numbers 26:23. 3 b Hebrew sons; also in verses 10 and 17 13 c Jahziel is a variant of Jahzeel; see Genesis 46:24. 13 d Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew and LXX manuscripts Shillem; see Genesis 46:24 and Numbers 26:49. 23 e Beriah sounds like the Hebrew for tragedy or disaster. 25 f Some LXX manuscripts; Hebrew does not include his son. 27 g Or Non 28 h Ayyah is another name for Gaza; see also LXX. 29 i Beth-shean is a variant of Beth-shan; see 1 Samuel 31:10 and 2 Samuel 21:12. 34 j Or The sons of his brother Shemer: Rohgah; note that Shemer is a variant of Shomer; see verse 32. 35 k Helem is possibly another name for Hotham; see verse 32. 37 l Ithran is possibly a variant of Jether; see verse 38. 1 Chronicles 8 3 a Possibly Gera the father of Ehud; see verse 7. 7 b Or and Gera, that is Heglam, who was the father of Uzza and Ahihud. 29 c Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 9:35); Hebrew The father of Gibeon lived 30 d Some LXX manuscripts include Ner; see 1 Chronicles 9:36. 31 e Zecher is likely a variant of Zechariah; see 1 Chronicles 9:37. 32 f Shimeah is a variant of Shimeam; see 1 Chronicles 9:38. 33 g Esh-baal is also called Ish-bosheth; see 2 Samuel 2:8. 34 h Merib-baal is also called Mephibosheth; see 2 Samuel 4:4. 34 i Micah is a variant of Mica; see 2 Samuel 9:12. 35 j Tarea is a variant of Tahrea; see 1 Chronicles 9:41. 36 k Jehoaddah is a variant of Jarah or Jadah; see 1 Chronicles 9:42. 37 l Raphah is a variant of Rephaiah; see 1 Chronicles 9:43. 1 Chronicles 9 2 a Hebrew Nethinim 12 b Meshillemith is a variant of Meshillemoth; see Nehemiah 11:13. 19 c Ebiasaph is a variant of Abiasaph; see Exodus 6:24. 35 d Or the founder 38 e Shimeam is a variant of Shimeah; see 1 Chronicles 8:32. 41 f Vulgate and Syriac (see also LXX and 1 Chronicles 8:35); Hebrew Pithon, Melech, and Tahrea; note that Tahrea is a variant of Tarea. 42 g Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX Jadah; Jadah; note that Jarah and Jadah are variants of Jehoaddah; see 1 Chronicles 8:36. 43 h Rephaiah is a variant of Raphah; see 1 Chronicles 8:37. 1 Chronicles 10 12 a Or terebinth or great tree 1 Chronicles 11 2 a Or For some time 8 b Hebrew the Millo 11 c Or of the Thirty; some LXX manuscripts of the Three; see 2 Samuel 23:8. 12 d Dodo is a variant of Dodai; see 1 Chronicles 27:4. 14 e Literally But they stationed themselves 20 f Hebrew; Syriac the Thirty; also in verse 21 22 g Or two sons of Ariel of Moab 23 h 5 cubits is approximately 7 feet 6 inches or 229 centimeters tall. 27 i Shammoth the Harorite is a variant of Shammah the Harodite; see 2 Samuel 23:25. 31 j Ithai is a variant of Ittai; see 2 Samuel 23:29. 32 k Hurai is a variant of Hiddai; see 2 Samuel 23:30. 32 l Or from the ravines 32 m Abiel is a variant of Abi-albon; see 2 Samuel 23:31. 33 n Baharumite is a variant of Barhumite; see 2 Samuel 23:31. 34 o Hashem is a variant of Jashen; see LXX and 2 Samuel 23:32. 35 p Sachar is a variant of Sharar; see 2 Samuel 23:33. 1 Chronicles 12 31 a That is, the half-tribe of Manasseh west of the Jordan 33 b LXX; Hebrew does not include to David. 1 Chronicles 13 3 a Or of it 5 b Hebrew from the Shihor 6 c Or the ark of God, which is called by the Name of the LORD who is enthroned between the cherubim; or the ark of God, the LORD, who is enthroned between the cherubim, where His Name is called 9 d Chidon is a variant of Nacon; see 2 Samuel 6:6. 11 e Perez-uzzah means outbreak against Uzzah. 1 Chronicles 14 4 a Shammua is a variant of Shimea; see 1 Chronicles 3:5. 7 b Beeliada is a variant of Eliada; see 2 Samuel 5:16. 11 c Baal-perazim means The Lord Bursts Out. 14 d Or aspen trees or poplar trees; also in verse 15 1 Chronicles 15 7 a Gershomites is a variant of Gershonites; see 1 Chronicles 23:7. 18 b Several Hebrew manuscripts and most LXX manuscripts (see also verse 20 and 1 Chronicles 16:5); most Hebrew manuscripts Zechariah son of or Zechariah, Ben, 18 c Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts Obed-edom, Jeiel, and Azaziah or Obed-edom, Jeiel, and Ozias 20 d Aziel is a variant of Jaaziel; see verse 18. 20 e Alamoth is probably a musical or liturgical term; here and in Psalm 46:1. 21 f Sheminith is probably a musical term; here and in Psalm 6:1 and Psalm 12:1. 23 g Literally gatekeepers; also in verse 24 1 Chronicles 16 3 a Or a portion of meat 15 b Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts He remembers; see Psalm 105:8. 34 c Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 42 d Or instruments for the sacred music 1 Chronicles 17 5 a Out of Egypt is implied, but not included in the Hebrew; see 2 Samuel 7:6. 6 b Or judges; see verse 10. 17 c Or and have shown me future generations 19 d See 2 Samuel 7:20; many translators 18...For You know Your servant. 19O LORD, 1 Chronicles 18 3 a Hebrew his hand 6 b LXX and Vulgate (see also 2 Samuel 8:6 and Syriac); Hebrew does not include garrisons. 6 c Or the LORD saved David; also in verse 13 8 d Tibhath is a variant of Tebah; see 2 Samuel 8:8 LXX. 9 e Tou is a variant of Toi; also in verse 10; see 2 Samuel 8:9. 10 f Hadoram is a variant of Joram; see 2 Samuel 8:10. 16 g Some Hebrew manuscripts, Vulgate, and Syriac (see also 2 Samuel 8:17); most Hebrew manuscripts Abimelech 16 h Shavsha is also called Seraiah, Sheva, and Shisha; see 2 Samuel 8:17, 2 Samuel 20:25, and 1 Kings 4:3. 1 Chronicles 19 6 a 1,000 talents is approximately 37.7 tons or 34.2 metric tons of silver. 6 b That is, Mesopotamia; Aram-naharaim means Aram of the two rivers, likely the region between the Euphrates and Balih Rivers in northwestern Mesopotamia. 16 c Hebrew the River 16 d Shophach is a variant of Shobach; also in verse 18; see 2 Samuel 10:16. 1 Chronicles 20 1 a Literally At the turn of the year 2 b Or from the head of Milcom. Milcom, also called Molech, was god of the Ammonites; see Leviticus 18:21 and 1 Kings 11:7. 2 c A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of gold. 3 d Or cut them 4 e Sippai is a variant of Saph; see 2 Samuel 21:18. 4 f Or the giants; see also descendants of Rapha in verses 6 and 8. 5 g Or Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother; see 2 Samuel 21:19. 1 Chronicles 21 1 a That is, the Accuser or the Adversary 12 b Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate of fleeing; see 2 Samuel 24:13. 15 c Ornan is a variant of Araunah; also in verses 18–28; see 2 Samuel 24:16. 17 d Or I, the shepherd, see 2 Samuel 24:17 DSS and LXX. 25 e 600 shekels is approximately 15.1 pounds or 6.8 kilograms of gold. 1 Chronicles 22 9 a Solomon sounds like and is probably derived from the Hebrew word for peace. 14 b 100,000 talents is approximately 3,770 tons or 3,420 metric tons of gold. 14 c 1,000,000 talents is approximately 37,700 tons or 34,200 metric tons of silver. 1 Chronicles 23 4 a Hebrew does not include said David, 7 b Ladan is a variant of Libni; also in verses 8 and 9; see 1 Chronicles 6:17. 8 c Jehiel is a variant of Jehieli; see 1 Chronicles 26:21. 10 d Shimei was possibly a son or grandson of the Shimei listed in verse 9. 10 e Most Hebrew manuscripts; one Hebrew manuscript, LXX, and Vulgate (see also verse 11) Zizah 23 f Jeremoth is a variant of Jerimoth; see 1 Chronicles 24:30. 1 Chronicles 24 20 a Shubael (twice in this verse) is a variant of Shebuel; see 1 Chronicles 23:16 and 1 Chronicles 26:24. 21 b Isshiah is a variant of Jeshaiah; see 1 Chronicles 26:25. 22 c Shelomoth (twice in this verse) is a variant of Shelomith; see 1 Chronicles 23:18. 23 d Hebrew From the sons: Jeriah; see 1 Chronicles 23:19. 30 e Jerimoth is a variant of Jeremoth; see 1 Chronicles 23:23. 1 Chronicles 25 3 a One Hebrew manuscript and some LXX manuscripts (see also verse 17); most Hebrew manuscripts do not include Shimei. 4 b Shebuel is a variant of Shubael; see verse 20. 4 c Jerimoth is a variant of Jeremoth; see verse 22. 9 d See LXX and the total in verse 7; Hebrew does not include his sons, and his brothers—12 in all; 11 e Izri is a variant of Zeri; see verse 3. 14 f Jesarelah is a variant of Asarelah; see verse 2. 18 g Azarel is a variant of Uzziel; see verse 4. 22 h Jeremoth is a variant of Jerimoth; see verse 4. 1 Chronicles 26 14 a Shelemiah is a variant of Meshelemiah; see verse 2. 16 b Or on the upper road 18 c Hebrew parbar; twice in this verse 20 d LXX; Hebrew As for the Levites, Ahijah was 21 e Ladan is a variant of Libni; see 1 Chronicles 6:17. 21 f Jehieli is a variant of Jehiel; also in verse 22; see 1 Chronicles 23:8. 25 g Jeshaiah is a variant of Isshiah; see 1 Chronicles 24:21. 29 h Or the duties outside (the temple) or the duties outside (Jerusalem) 31 i Jerijah is a variant of Jeriah; see 1 Chronicles 23:19. 1 Chronicles 27 4 a Dodai is a variant of Dodo; see 2 Samuel 23:9. 8 b Shamhuth is a variant of Shammoth or Shammah; see 1 Chronicles 11:27 and 2 Samuel 23:25. 15 c Heldai is a variant of Heled; see 1 Chronicles 11:30 and 2 Samuel 23:29. 28 d Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 1 Chronicles 28 11 a LXX; Hebrew does not include of the temple. 11 b Or atonement cover 12 c Or had with him by the Spirit 1 Chronicles 29 4 a 3,000 talents is approximately 113 tons or 103 metric tons of gold. 4 b 7,000 talents is approximately 264 tons or 239.5 metric tons of silver. 7 c 5,000 talents is approximately 188.5 tons or 171 metric tons of gold. 7 d Or 10,000 gold drachmas; that is, approximately 185.2 pounds or 84 kilograms of gold coins 7 e 10,000 talents is approximately 377 tons or 342 metric tons of silver. 7 f 18,000 talents is approximately 678.6 tons or 615.6 metric tons of bronze. 7 g 100,000 talents is approximately 3,770 tons or 3,420 metric tons of iron. 8 h Jehiel is a variant of Jehieli; see 1 Chronicles 26:21. 2 Chronicles 1 5 a LXX, Vulgate, and some Hebrew manuscripts was there before; MT he placed before 8 b Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 10 c Literally so that I may go out before this people and come in 14 d Literally Solomon accumulated chariots and horses; he had 14 e Or horsemen or charioteers 15 f Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 16 g Probably an area in Cilicia, a province in the southeast of Asia Minor 17 h 600 shekels is approximately 15.1 pounds or 6.8 kilograms of silver. 17 i 150 shekels is approximately 3.8 pounds or 1.7 kilograms of silver. 2 Chronicles 2 3 a Hebrew Huram, a variant of Hiram; also in verses 11 and 12 8 b Or pine or juniper or fir 8 c Algum is probably a variant of almug; see 1 Kings 10:11. 10 d 20,000 cors is approximately 124,800 bushels or 4.4 million liters (probably about 3,800 tons or 3,400 metric tons of wheat). 10 e 20,000 cors is approximately 124,800 bushels or 4.4 million liters (probably about 2,910 tons or 2,700 metric tons of barley). 10 f 20,000 baths is approximately 116,000 gallons or 440,000 liters of wine. 10 g Or 20,000 baths of oil; that is, approximately 116,000 gallons or 440,000 liters 13 h Or understanding 2 Chronicles 3 1 a See LXX; Hebrew where He had appeared 1 b Ornan is a variant of Araunah; see 2 Samuel 24:16. 3 c The foundation was approximately 90 feet long and 30 feet wide (27.4 meters long and 9.1 meters wide). 3 d The old standard of measurement was a cubit equal to 18 inches or 45.7 centimeters. The new standard, a cubit of approximately 21 inches or 53.3 centimeters (the long cubit) is the basic unit of length throughout Ezekiel 40 to 48. 4 e 20 cubits is approximately 30 feet or 9.1 meters; also in verses 8, 11, and 13. 4 f Some LXX and Syriac manuscripts; Hebrew 120 cubits high (approximately 180 feet or 54.9 meters) 5 g Or pine or juniper or fir 8 h Or the Holy of Holies; also in verse 10 8 i 600 talents is approximately 22.6 tons or 20.5 metric tons of gold. 9 j 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of gold. 11 k 5 cubits is approximately 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters; also in verse 15. 15 l 35 cubits is approximately 52.5 feet or 16 meters. 16 m Or He made chains in the inner sanctuary 17 n Jachin probably means He establishes. 17 o Boaz probably means in Him is strength. 2 Chronicles 4 1 a The altar was approximately 30 feet in length and width and 15 feet high (9.1 meters in length and width and 4.6 meters high). 2 b The Sea was approximately 15 feet from rim to rim, 7.5 feet in height, and 45 feet in circumference (4.6 meters from rim to rim, 2.3 meters in height, and 13.7 meters in circumference). 5 c A handbreadth is approximately 2.9 inches or 7.4 centimeters. 5 d 3,000 baths is approximately 17,400 gallons or 66,000 liters. 17 e Zeredah is a variant of Zarethan; see 1 Kings 7:46. 22 f Or the Holy of Holies 2 Chronicles 5 3 a That is, the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters); see Leviticus 23:33–36. 7 b Or the Holy of Holies 9 c Some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX The poles extended far enough that their ends were visible from the Holy Place in front of the inner sanctuary; see 1 Kings 8:8. 9 d Literally not from outside 10 e That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 2 Chronicles 6 13 a The platform was approximately 7.5 feet in length and width, and 4.5 feet high (2.3 meters in length and width, and 1.4 meters high). 2 Chronicles 7 8 a That is, the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths or Shelters); see Leviticus 23:33–36. 21 b Some LXX manuscripts, Syriac, and Arabic; Hebrew And though this temple is now exalted; see also 1 Kings 9:8. 2 Chronicles 8 2 a Hebrew Huram, a variant of Hiram; also in verse 18 6 b Or horsemen or charioteers 13 c That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 13 d That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Pentecost (see Acts 2:1). 13 e That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). 17 f Eloth is a variant of Elath; see LXX, 2 Kings 14:22, and 2 Kings 16:6. 17 g That is, along the shore of the Red Sea in the land of Edom 18 h 450 talents is approximately 17 tons or 15.4 metric tons of gold. 2 Chronicles 9 4 a LXX and Syriac (see also 1 Kings 10:5); Hebrew and his stairway by which he went up 5 b Or your achievements 9 c 120 talents is approximately 4.52 tons or 4.1 metric tons of gold. 10 d Algum is probably a variant of almug; also in verse 11; see 1 Kings 10:11. 11 e Or gateways 13 f 666 talents is approximately 25.1 tons or 22.8 metric tons of gold. 15 g 600 shekels is approximately 15.1 pounds or 6.8 kilograms of gold. 16 h 300 shekels is approximately 7.5 pounds or 3.4 kilograms of gold. 21 i Or a fleet of trading ships; twice in this verse 21 j Hebrew Huram’s, a variant of Hiram’s 21 k Or baboons 25 l Or horsemen or charioteers 26 m Hebrew the River 27 n Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 2 Chronicles 10 14 a LXX and many Hebrew manuscripts (see also 1 Kings 12:14); MT Whereas I made your yoke heavy 16 b Syriac, Vulgate, and many Hebrew manuscripts; MT And all Israel, since the king had refused to listen to them, answered. 18 c Hadoram is a variant of Adoram and Adoniram; see 2 Samuel 20:24 and 1 Kings 4:6. 2 Chronicles 12 1 a That is, Judah; in 2 Chronicles, Judah is occasionally called Israel, as representative of the true Israel. 3 b Or charioteers 3 c That is, people from the upper Nile region 16 d Abijah is a variant of Abijam; see 1 Kings 14:31. 2 Chronicles 13 1 a Abijah is a variant of Abijam; see 1 Kings 14:31. 2 b Hebrew; most LXX manuscripts and Syriac Maacah; see 2 Chronicles 11:20 and 1 Kings 15:2. 2 c Or granddaughter 5 d That is, a perpetual covenant 22 e Or Exposition or Study 2 Chronicles 14 9 a Or an army of thousands and thousands; Hebrew an army of a thousand thousands 10 b Or the valley north of Mareshah 2 Chronicles 15 8 a Vulgate and Syriac (see also verse 1 and LXX); Hebrew does not include Azariah son of. 16 b Hebrew his mother 2 Chronicles 16 3 a Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant; twice in this verse. 4 b Abel-maim was also known as Abel-beth-maacah; see 1 Kings 15:20. 8 c That is, people from the upper Nile region 2 Chronicles 17 3 a Or in his early years he walked in the ways 6 b Or was exalted or was courageous 2 Chronicles 18 33 a Literally Turn your hand 2 Chronicles 20 1 a Some LXX manuscripts (see also 2 Chronicles 26:7); Hebrew together with some other Ammonites or together with some besides the Ammonites 2 b One Hebrew manuscript; most Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Vulgate Aram 2 c That is, the Dead Sea 9 d Or the sword of judgment 23 e Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 25 f Some Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate they found among them an abundance of goods and clothing and valuables 26 g Beracah means blessing. 35 h Or who made him act wickedly or by which he acted wickedly 36 i Or a fleet of trading ships 37 j Or set sail to trade 2 Chronicles 21 2 a That is, Judah; in 2 Chronicles, Judah is occasionally called Israel, as representative of the true Israel. 9 b Or he went out and escaped 17 c Jehoahaz is a variant of Ahaziah; see 2 Chronicles 22:1. 2 Chronicles 22 1 a Or since the marauding bands of Arabs 2 b Some LXX manuscripts and Syriac (see also 2 Kings 8:26); Hebrew forty-two 5 c Some LXX manuscripts the archers 5 d Hebrew Jehoram, a variant of Joram; also in verses 6 and 7 6 e Ramah is a variant of Ramoth; see verse 5. 6 f Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac (see also 2 Kings 8:29); most Hebrew manuscripts Azariah 7 g Or grandson; see 2 Kings 9:14. 11 h Jehoshabeath is a variant of Jehosheba; twice in this verse; see 2 Kings 11:2. 2 Chronicles 23 14 a Or out from the precincts 2 Chronicles 24 23 a Literally At the turn of the year 25 b LXX and Vulgate; Hebrew of the sons 26 c Zabad is a variant of Jozabad; see 2 Kings 12:21. 26 d Shimrith is a variant of Shomer; see 2 Kings 12:21. 27 e Or founding 27 f Or Exposition or Study 2 Chronicles 25 4 a Deuteronomy 24:16 6 b 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver; also in verse 9. 17 c Jehoash is a variant of Joash; also in verses 18, 21, 23, and 25. 23 d Jehoahaz is a variant of Ahaziah. 23 e 400 cubits is approximately 600 feet or 182.9 meters. 28 f Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac City of David; see 2 Kings 14:20. 2 Chronicles 26 1 a Uzziah is also called Azariah; throughout this chapter; see 2 Kings 14:21. 2 b Eloth is a variant of Elath; see LXX, 2 Kings 14:22, and 2 Kings 16:6. 2 c Literally after the king 5 d Many Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac; other Hebrew manuscripts through the vision 10 e Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 15 f Or to protect those who shoot 19 g Leprosy was a term used for various skin diseases; see Leviticus 13. 23 h Literally with his fathers 2 Chronicles 27 1 a Jerushah is a variant of Jerusha; see 2 Kings 15:33. 2 b Uzziah is also called Azariah; see 2 Kings 14:21. 5 c 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver. 5 d 10,000 cors is approximately 62,400 bushels or 2.2 million liters (probably about 1,920 tons or 1,740 metric tons of wheat). 5 e 10,000 cors is approximately 62,400 bushels or 2.2 million liters (probably about 1,450 tons or 1,315 metric tons of barley). 2 Chronicles 28 3 a Literally passed his sons through the fire 12 b That is, the leaders of the northern kingdom of Israel 12 c Meshillemoth is a variant of Meshillemith; see 1 Chronicles 9:12. 16 d LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate (see also 2 Kings 16:7); Hebrew kings 18 e Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 19 f That is, Judah; in 2 Chronicles, Judah is occasionally called Israel, as representative of the true Israel. 20 g Hebrew Tilgath-pilneser, a variant spelling of Tiglath-pileser 2 Chronicles 29 1 a Abijah is a variant of Abi; see 2 Kings 18:2. 31 b Or filled your hand for the LORD 2 Chronicles 30 2 a See Numbers 9:9–12. 13 b That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 21 c Or day after day, with all their strength to the LORD. Literally day after day, with loud instruments to the LORD. 2 Chronicles 31 15 a Or whether large or small 2 Chronicles 32 4 a Hebrew; LXX and Syriac king 5 b Hebrew the Millo 8 c Or He has only the strength of his own flesh 14 d Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 18 e Or in the dialect of Judah 2 Chronicles 33 6 a Literally made his sons pass through the fire 15 b Literally the mountain of the house of the LORD 18 c That is, Judah; in 2 Chronicles, Judah is occasionally called Israel, as representative of the true Israel. 19 d Or the Records of the Hozai or the Annals of the Prophets 2 Chronicles 34 6 a Or in the regions 14 b Hebrew the Law of the LORD by the hand of 20 c Abdon is a variant of Achbor; see 2 Kings 22:12. 20 d Micah is a variant of Micaiah; see 2 Kings 22:12. 22 e One Hebrew manuscript, Vulgate, and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts and those the king had told went to Huldah 22 f Tokhath is a variant of Tikvah; see 2 Kings 22:14. 22 g Hasrah is a variant of Harhas; see 2 Kings 22:14. 22 h Or the Second Quarter, a newer section of Jerusalem; Hebrew the Mishneh 2 Chronicles 35 6 a Hebrew the word of the LORD by the hand of 17 b That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. 2 Chronicles 36 2 a Hebrew Joahaz, a variant of Jehoahaz; also in verse 4 3 b 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver. 3 c A talent is approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms of gold. 7 d Or palace 9 e One Hebrew manuscript, some LXX manuscripts, and Syriac (see also 2 Kings 24:8); most Hebrew manuscripts eight 10 f Literally At the turn of the year 10 g Or brother or uncle 13 h Or made strong or made courageous 15 i Literally Rising up early and sending (it), 17 j That is, the Babylonians; also clarified in verse 19 21 k See Jeremiah 25:12 and Jeremiah 29:10. Ezra 1 8 a That is, the leader of the exiles returning to Judah 9 b Or basins; twice in this verse Ezra 2 2 a Parallel text at Nehemiah 7:7 accompanied by Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum, and Baanah 10 b Bani is a variant of Binnui; see Nehemiah 7:15. 18 c Jorah is a variant of Hariph; see Nehemiah 7:24. 20 d Gibbar is a variant of Gibeon; see Nehemiah 7:25. 21 e Literally the sons; here and in verses 25, 26, 33, and 34 24 f Azmaveth is a variant of Beth-azmaveth; see Nehemiah 7:28. 25 g LXX (see also Nehemiah 7:29); Hebrew Kiriath-arim 31 h Or of West Elam 40 i Hodaviah is a variant of Hodevah; see Nehemiah 7:43. 43 j Hebrew The Nethinim; also in verses 58 and 70 44 k Siaha is a variant of Sia; see Nehemiah 7:47. 46 l Alternate MT reading (see also Nehemiah 7:48); the other alternate reads Shamlai 50 m Nephusim is a variant of Nephushesim; see Nehemiah 7:52. 52 n Bazluth is a variant of Bazlith; see Nehemiah 7:54. 55 o Peruda is a variant of Perida; see Nehemiah 7:57. 57 p Ami is a variant of Amon; see Nehemiah 7:59. 59 q Addan is a variant of Addon; see Nehemiah 7:61. 63 r Literally Lights and Perfections 69 s Or 61,000 gold drachmas; that is, approximately 1,129.7 pounds or 512.4 kilograms of gold coins 69 t 5,000 minas is approximately 3.14 tons or 2.85 metric tons of silver. 70 u Or all Israel Ezra 3 2 a Jozadak is a variant of Jehozadak; also in verse 8; see 1 Chronicles 6:14. 4 b That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). 9 c Hebrew sons of Judah; that is, most likely, sons of Yehudah, another name for Hodevah or Hodaviah; see Ezra 2:40 and Nehemiah 7:43. 11 d Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. Ezra 4 6 a Hebrew Ahasuerus 7 b The original text of Ezra 4:8 through Ezra 6:18 is in Aramaic. 10 c Aramaic Osnappar, another name for Ashurbanipal 10 d Aramaic beyond the River; also in verses 11, 16, 17, and 20 14 e Literally because the salt of the palace is our salt Ezra 5 2 a Jozadak is a variant of Jehozadak; see 1 Chronicles 6:14. 3 b Aramaic the governor beyond the River; also in verse 6 4 c LXX and Syriac; Aramaic Then we told them, 10 d Aramaic the names of the men at their heads 14 e Or palace Ezra 6 3 a The house was to be approximately 90 feet or 27.4 meters in height and width; Syriac (see also 1 Kings 6:2) It is to be sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high. 6 b Aramaic governor beyond the River; similarly in verses 8 and 13 11 c Literally shall be made a dunghill because of this 15 d Adar is the twelfth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of February and March. 21 e Or nations 22 f That is, the seven-day period after the Passover during which no leaven may be eaten; see Exodus 12:14–20. Ezra 7 1 a Literally After these things 7 b Hebrew Nethinim; also in verse 24 11 c The original text of Ezra 7:12–26 is in Aramaic. 12 d Aramaic Perfect now (probably a greeting) 21 e Aramaic beyond the River; also in verse 25 22 f 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver. 22 g 100 cors is approximately 624 bushels or 22,000 liters (probably about 19.2 tons or 17.4 metric tons of wheat). 22 h 100 baths is approximately 580 gallons or 2,200 liters of wine. 22 i Or 100 baths of oil; that is, approximately 580 gallons or 2,200 liters Ezra 8 5 a Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Esdras 8:32); Hebrew from the descendants of Shecaniah, the son of Jahaziel 10 b Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Esdras 8:36); Hebrew from the descendants of Shelomith, the son of Josiphiah 13 c Or the last 14 d LXX, Syriac, and an alternate MT reading; the other alternate reads Zabbud. 16 e Elnathan appears three times in verse, either as a repetition for emphasis or as a record of multiple men with this name. 17 f Hebrew the Nethinim; also in verse 20 26 g 650 talents is approximately 24.5 tons or 22.2 metric tons of silver. 26 h 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver articles. 26 i 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of gold. 27 j Or worth 1,000 drachmas; that is, approximately 18.5 pounds or 8.4 kilograms of gold 36 k A satrap was a Persian official. 36 l Hebrew governors beyond the River Ezra 9 8 a Or nail or foothold Ezra 10 6 a Or went 18 b Jozadak is a variant of Jehozadak; see 1 Chronicles 6:14. 25 c Hebrew; LXX Hashabiah 38 d See LXX; Hebrew And Bani, and Binnui, (and) Shimei, 44 e Or and they sent them away with their children Nehemiah 1 1 a Chislev is the ninth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of November and December. 5 b Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 9 c Or to the extremity of the heavens 9 d Deuteronomy 30:1–4 11 e Literally to the prayer of Your servant and to the prayer of Your servants Nehemiah 2 1 a Nisan is the first month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April. 7 b Hebrew beyond the River; also in verse 9 13 c Or Dragon or Jackal Nehemiah 3 5 a Or their Lord or the governor 6 b Or The Old City Gate 7 c Hebrew the governor beyond the River 13 d 1,000 cubits is approximately 1,500 feet or 457.2 meters. 15 e Hebrew; Syriac Shallum 15 f Pool of Shelah is another name for the Pool of Siloam. 18 g Two Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac (see also LXX and Nehemiah 3:24); most Hebrew manuscripts Bavvai 26 h Hebrew the Nethinim; also in verse 31 Nehemiah 4 2 a Or Will they commit themselves to God? 5 b Or have provoked You to anger before the builders 10 c Or Meanwhile, Judah said 23 d Or each carried his weapon in his right hand Nehemiah 5 15 a 40 shekels is approximately 1 pound or 453.6 grams of silver. Nehemiah 6 2 a Or in Kephirim 2 b Or in the valley 6 c Hebrew Gashmu, a variant of Geshem; see verse 1. 9 d Hebrew But now; for clarity, my God has been included. 15 e Elul is the sixth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of August and September. Nehemiah 7 7 a Parallel text at Ezra 2:2 accompanied by Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah 15 b Binnui is a variant of Bani; see Ezra 2:10. 24 c Hariph is a variant of Jorah; see Ezra 2:18. 25 d Gibeon is a variant of Gibbar; see Ezra 2:20. 28 e Beth-azmaveth is a variant of Azmaveth; see Ezra 2:24. 33 f Or of West Nebo 34 g Or of West Elam 36 h Literally the sons; here and in verse 37 43 i Hodevah is a variant of Hodaviah; see Ezra 2:40. 46 j Hebrew The Nethinim; also in verses 60 and 73 47 k Sia is a variant of Siaha; see Ezra 2:44. 52 l Nephushesim is a variant of Nephusim; see Ezra 2:50. 54 m Bazlith is a variant of Bazluth; see Ezra 2:52. 57 n Perida is a variant of Peruda; see Ezra 2:55. 59 o Amon is a variant of Ami; see Ezra 2:57. 61 p Addon is a variant of Addan; see Ezra 2:59. 65 q Literally Lights and Perfections 68 r Some Hebrew manuscripts (see also Ezra 2:66); most Hebrew manuscripts do not include this verse. 70 s Or 1,000 gold drachmas; that is, approximately 18.5 pounds or 8.4 kilograms of gold coins 71 t Or 20,000 gold drachmas; that is, approximately 370.4 pounds or 168 kilograms of gold coins; also in verse 72 71 u Or 2,200 silver minas; that is, approximately 1.38 tons or 1.25 metric tons of silver 72 v Or 2,000 silver minas; that is, approximately 1.26 tons or 1.14 metric tons of silver Nehemiah 8 8 a Or translating it or paragraph by paragraph 14 b Or tabernacles or shelters; also in verses 15, 16, and 17 15 c Or pine; literally oil tree 15 d See Leviticus 23:37–40. 17 e Hebrew Jeshua, a variant of Joshua Nehemiah 9 9 a Or the Sea of Reeds 17 b LXX and a few Hebrew manuscripts; MT to return them to their bondage in their rebellion 22 c One Hebrew manuscript and LXX; most Hebrew manuscripts Sihon, the country of the 30 d Literally into the hands of the peoples of the lands 38 e Hebrew does not include the names of. Nehemiah 10 8 a Bilgai is a variant of Bilgah; see Nehemiah 12:5. 28 b Hebrew Nethinim 32 c A third of a shekel is approximately 0.13 ounces or 3.8 grams, probably of silver. Nehemiah 11 1 a Hebrew nine hands 3 b Hebrew Nethinim; also in verse 21 5 c Or of the Shilonite 9 d Or was over the Second Quarter of the city, a newer section of Jerusalem; or was second in command of the city 10 e Or Jedaiah; the son of Joiarib; 14 f Most LXX manuscripts; Hebrew their associates 22 g Mica is a variant of Micaiah; see Nehemiah 12:35. 24 h Hebrew hand 35 i Hebrew in Ge-harashim Nehemiah 12 2 a Malluch is a variant of Malluchi; see verse 14. 3 b Rehum is a variant of Harim; see verse 15, Nehemiah 7:42, and Ezra 2:39. 4 c Many Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate (see also verse 16); most MT manuscripts Ginnethoi 5 d Mijamin is a variant of Miniamin; see verse 17. 5 e Maadiah is a variant of Moadiah; see verse 17. 5 f Bilgah is a variant of Bilgai; also in verse 18; see Nehemiah 10:8. 11 g Jonathan is a variant of Johanan; see verse 22. 14 h Malluchi is a variant of Malluch; see verse 2. 14 i Shebaniah is a variant of Shecaniah; see verse 3; see also Syriac and some Hebrew and LXX manuscripts. 15 j Meraioth is a variant of Meremoth; see verse 3 and also some LXX manuscripts. 17 k Moadiah is a variant of Maadiah; see verse 5. 20 l Sallai is a variant of Sallu; see verse 7. 22 m Johanan is a variant of Jonathan; see verse 11. 23 n Or the Book of the Annals or the Book of the Historical Events 24 o Or Sherebiah, Jeshua, Binnui, and Kadmiel 26 p Jozadak is a variant of Jehozadak; see 1 Chronicles 6:14. 31 q Or alongside the wall; also in verse 38 35 r Micaiah is a variant of Mica; see Nehemiah 11:22. 39 s Or the Old City Gate Nehemiah 13 1 a See Deuteronomy 23:3–6. 6 b Artaxerxes king of Persia is identified here as the king of Babylon because Persia had conquered the Babylonian Empire. Esther 1 1 a Hebrew Ahasuerus; here and throughout Esther 1 b That is, the upper Nile region 17 c Or to disdain their husbands in their eyes 22 d Literally proclaiming in the language of his own people Esther 2 6 a Jeconiah is a variant of Jehoiachin; see 2 Kings 24:12. 14 b Or to another part of the harem 16 c Tebeth is the tenth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of December and January. 19 d Or Mordecai had become a palace official 21 e Bigthan is a variant of Bigthana; see Esther 6:2. 23 f Or the Book of the Annals or the Book of the Historical Events Esther 3 6 a Hebrew he disdained in his eyes 7 b Nisan is the first month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of March and April. 7 c LXX was cast before Haman—a day and month—and the lot fell on the fourteenth of the month of Adar; Hebrew was cast before Haman a day and month—the twelfth, Adar; the month of Adar (also in verse 13) is the twelfth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of February and March. 9 d 10,000 talents is approximately 377 tons or 342 metric tons of silver. Esther 4 16 a Or if I am destroyed, then I will be destroyed! Esther 5 14 a 50 cubits is approximately 75 feet or 22.9 meters high. Esther 6 1 a Or the Book of Memorials, the Annals or the Book of Records of Historical Events 2 b Bigthana is a variant of Bigthan; see Esther 2:21. Esther 7 5 a Hebrew whose heart has filled him to do 9 b 50 cubits is approximately 75 feet or 22.9 meters high. Esther 8 9 a Sivan is the third month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of May and June. 9 b That is, to the upper Nile region 12 c Adar is the twelfth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of February and March. Esther 9 1 a Adar is the twelfth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of February and March; also in verses 15, 17, 19, and 21. Job 1 6 a That is, the Accuser or the Adversary; here and throughout Job 1 Job 2 1 a That is, the Accuser or the Adversary; here and throughout Job 2 9 b Or Bless Job 3 8 a Or curse the sea Job 4 15 a Or a wind Job 5 5 a Or and a snare snatches his wealth 13 b Cited in 1 Corinthians 3:19 17 c Hebrew Shaddai; here and throughout Job Job 6 6 a Or in the sap of the mallow plant Job 7 20 a LXX; Hebrew to myself Job 9 3 a Or If God wished to contend with someone 7 b Or rise 12 c Or snatches someone in death 19 d See LXX; Hebrew me 20 e Or He would declare me guilty 30 f Or soap Job 10 12 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. Job 11 12 a Or can be born tame Job 12 6 a Or though God keeps them in His power Job 13 14 a Literally Why do I take my flesh in my teeth 15 b Or I have no other hope Job 14 14 a Or my change or my relief Job 15 12 a Or blink Job 19 25 a Or Vindicator 25 b Or on my grave 26 c Or without my flesh 27 d Hebrew my kidneys yearn 28 e Many Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Vulgate; most Hebrew manuscripts with me Job 20 25 a Literally from his gall Job 21 13 a Or in an instant 24 b Literally His pails are full of milk Job 22 14 a Or heaven’s horizon or the circle of the sky Job 26 6 a Abaddon means Destruction. 9 b Or of His throne 12 c Or stilled 13 d Hebrew nachash; translated in most cases as snake Job 28 11 a Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate He searches 19 b That is, the upper Nile region 22 c Abaddon means Destruction. Job 29 4 a Hebrew in the time of my harvest Job 30 4 a Or their fuel 11 b Hebrew the bridle 13 c Or with no one to assist them 18 d LXX; Hebrew He becomes like a garment to me or my garment is disfigured 22 e Or You dissolve me 29 f Or serpents or dragons 29 g Literally of daughters of an ostrich or of daughters of an owl Job 31 12 a Abaddon means Destruction. 20 b Hebrew if his loins have not blessed me 26 c Hebrew the light 33 d Or like men Job 32 8 a Or the Spirit; similarly in verse 18 9 b Or many or great Job 33 13 a Or that He answers for none of His actions 27 b Or Then he looks upon Job 35 2 a Or ‘I am righteous before God.’ Job 36 12 a Or they will cross the river of death 15 b Or in their affliction 19 c Or your cry for help 31 d Or governs or nourishes Job 37 20 a Or speak without being swallowed up Job 38 2 a Cited in Job 42:3 3 b Hebrew gird up your loins 3 c Cited in Job 42:4 6 d Or who set its core in place 32 e Or bring forth Mazzaroth in its season 32 f Or Leo or Arcturus 36 g Or Who has given the ibis wisdom, that is, wisdom about the flooding of the Nile Job 39 13 a Pinions are the outer parts of a bird’s wings, including the flight feathers. 23 b Or javelin 25 c Or he snorts, ‘Aha!’ Job 40 7 a Hebrew gird up your loins 7 b Cited in Job 42:4 13 c Or in the hidden place 19 d Hebrew ways 21 e Or bramble bushes; also in verse 22 22 f Or poplars Job 41 11 a Cited in Romans 11:35 13 b Or Who can come within his double mail? 29 c Or javelin Job 42 3 a Job 38:2 4 b Job 38:3 and Job 40:7 11 c Hebrew a kesitah; the value or weight of the kesitah is no longer known. Psalm 2 1 a Or noisily assemble; see Revelation 11:18. 2 b Cited in Acts 4:25–26 7 c Literally today I have begotten You; cited in Acts 13:33, Hebrews 1:5, and Hebrews 5:5 9 d LXX You will rule them or You will shepherd them 9 e Cited in Revelation 2:27; see also Revelation 12:5 and Revelation 19:15. Psalm 3 2 a Selah or Interlude is probably a musical or literary term; here and throughout the Psalms. Psalm 4 2 a Or false gods 4 b Or In your anger do not sin or Tremble and do not sin; cited in Ephesians 4:26 Psalm 5 7 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 9 b Or flattery; cited in Romans 3:13 Psalm 6 1 a Sheminith is probably a musical term; here and in 1 Chronicles 15:21 and Psalm 12:1. Psalm 7 1 a Shiggaion is probably a musical or liturgical term. 4 b Hebrew the one at peace with me 9 c Hebrew hearts and kidneys Psalm 8 1 a Gittith is probably a musical or liturgical term; here and in Psalms 81 and 84. 2 b Literally You have ordained strength; LXX You have prepared praise; cited in Matthew 21:16 5 c Or than God or than the heavenly beings; see also LXX. 6 d Cited in 1 Corinthians 15:27 and Hebrews 2:6–8 Psalm 9 1 a Psalms 9 and 10 together follow an acrostic pattern, each stanza beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. In the LXX they form one psalm. 16 b Higgaion Selah or quiet interlude is probably a musical or liturgical term. Psalm 10 7 a LXX bitterness; cited in Romans 3:14 10 b Or He crouches and lies low Psalm 12 1 a Sheminith is probably a musical term; here and in 1 Chronicles 15:21 and Psalm 6:1. 6 b Probable reading; MT like silver refined in a furnace of clay, purified sevenfold Psalm 14 1 a The Hebrew words rendered fool throughout the Psalms denote one who is morally deficient. 3 b LXX worthless 3 c Cited in Romans 3:10–12 Psalm 16 1 a Miktam is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalm 16 and Psalms 56–60. 7 b Or my heart instructs me; Hebrew my kidneys instruct me 8 c LXX I foresaw 9 d LXX will dwell in hope 10 e Cited in Acts 13:35 11 f Cited in Acts 2:25–28 Psalm 17 8 a Literally as the pupil, the daughter of 14 b Or May what You have stored up for the wicked fill their bellies Psalm 18 12 a Or bolts of lightning; also in verse 13 13 b Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX do not include —hailstones and coals of fire; see 2 Samuel 22:14. 35 c Or and Your help exalts me or and You stoop down to make me great 42 d Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac (see also 2 Samuel 22:43); MT I poured them out 49 e Cited in Romans 15:9 Psalm 19 3 a Or There is no speech or language where their voice is not heard 4 b LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew their measuring line 4 c Cited in Romans 10:18 Psalm 20 9 a Or give victory to Psalm 22 1 a Cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 8 b Cited in Matthew 27:43 15 c MT; or My mouth, a possible reading of the original Hebrew text 16 d DSS, LXX, Vulgate, and Syriac; most MT like a lion at my hands and feet 18 e Cited in John 19:24; see also Matthew 27:35, Mark 15:24, and Luke 23:34 22 f LXX I will sing Your praises in the assembly; cited in Hebrews 2:12. Psalm 23 1 a See Revelation 7:17. 4 b Or the valley of deep darkness 6 c Literally for a length of days Psalm 24 1 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 10:26 4 b Or to falsehood or to vanity 6 c LXX, Syriac, and two Hebrew manuscripts; MT who seek your face, O Jacob Psalm 25 1 a This psalm is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 21 b Or because my hope is in You; LXX because I wait for You, O Lord Psalm 26 2 a Hebrew my kidneys Psalm 28 2 a Or Your innermost sanctuary or Your Most Holy Place Psalm 29 1 a Or sons of God or sons of might 2 b Or in holy attire 6 c That is, Mount Hermon 9 d Or LORD makes the deer to calve Psalm 30 4 a Or and praise the memorial of His holiness; see Exodus 3:15. 9 b Or in my destruction 9 c Or to corruption Psalm 31 5 a Cited in Luke 23:46 6 b MT; one Hebrew manuscript, LXX, and Syriac You hate Psalm 32 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 1 b LXX Blessed is he whose lawless acts are forgiven, whose sins are covered; cited in Romans 4:7 2 c LXX Blessed is the man whose sin the LORD does not count against him; cited in Romans 4:8 4 d Or my vitality was turned Psalm 34 1 a Abimelech is another name for Achish; see 1 Samuel 21–29 and 1 Kings 2:39. 1 b This psalm is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 15 c LXX to their prayer 16 d Cited in 1 Peter 3:10–12 20 e Cited in John 19:36 Psalm 35 3 a Or and close the way 13 b Literally returned to my bosom 16 c Or Like a godless circle of mockers, 19 d See John 15:25. Psalm 36 1 a Cited in Romans 3:18 Psalm 37 1 a This psalm is an acrostic poem, each stanza beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 11 b Or the earth; see Matthew 5:5. 24 c Or upholds him with His hand 37 d Or for there is a future for the man of peace Psalm 38 19 a One DSS manuscript; MT My enemies are vigorous and strong 19 b See John 15:25 Psalm 40 4 a Or who turn aside to false gods or who run after lies 6 b Hebrew; some LXX manuscripts but a body You prepared for me 8 c Cited in Hebrews 10:5–7 Psalm 41 9 a Cited in John 13:18 Psalm 42 1 a In many Hebrew manuscripts Psalms 42 and 43 constitute one psalm. Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 2 b Or and see the face of God? Psalm 44 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 6 b Or give me victory; similarly in verse 7 14 c Literally a shaking of the head 19 d Or serpents or dragons 22 e Cited in Romans 8:36 Psalm 45 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 1 b Or King; here and throughout Psalm 45 7 c Cited in Hebrews 1:8–9 Psalm 46 1 a Alamoth is probably a musical or liturgical term; here and in 1 Chronicles 15:20. 9 b Or chariots Psalm 47 7 a Or sing a Maskil of praise or sing praises with understanding Psalm 48 2 a Or in the far north; the most sacred mountain of the Canaanites was Zaphon 7 b Or a fleet of trading ships 11 c Or the villages 14 d Or He will guide us beyond death Psalm 49 7 a Or redeem another 11 b LXX, Syriac, and Aramaic Targum; Hebrew Their inward thoughts 13 c Or the way of the foolish Psalm 50 6 a Or He is a God of justice 21 b Or you thought the ‘I AM’ was 21 c Literally and I set it in order before your eyes Psalm 51 1 a Or Be gracious to me 4 b LXX and victorious when You judge; cited in Romans 3:4 Psalm 52 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. Psalm 53 1 a Mahalath is probably a musical or liturgical term; see also Psalm 88:1. 1 b Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 3 c LXX worthless 3 d Cited in Romans 3:10–12 6 e Or the fortunes of His people Psalm 54 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. Psalm 55 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. Psalm 56 1 a Miktam is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 16 and 56–60. 7 b Or do not let them escape; MT does not include do not. 8 c Or sorrows Psalm 57 1 a Miktam is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 16 and 56–60. 2 b Hebrew Elohim-Elyon 8 c Or Awake, my soul! Psalm 58 1 a Miktam is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 16 and 56–60. 7 b Or when they are trodden down, may they wither like grass Psalm 59 1 a Miktam is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 16 and 56–60. Psalm 60 1 a Miktam is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 16 and 56–60. 1 b That is, Mesopotamia; Aram-naharaim means Aram of the two rivers, likely the region between the Euphrates and Balih Rivers in northwestern Mesopotamia. 1 c That is, the land northeast of Damascus 4 d Or that it may be displayed because of truth 6 e Or in His holiness Psalm 62 12 a Cited in Romans 2:6 Psalm 65 8 a Or where morning dawns and evening fades You call forth songs of joy. 9 b Or and make it overflow 9 c Or to provide the people with grain, for so You have ordained it Psalm 66 17 a Or and His praise was on my tongue Psalm 68 4 a Or rides through the deserts 14 b Hebrew Shaddai 17 c Or the Lord has come from Sinai in His holiness 18 d Cited in Ephesians 4:8 28 e LXX and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts Your God has summoned your power 31 f That is, the upper Nile region Psalm 69 4 a See John 15:25 9 b Cited in John 2:17 9 c Cited in Romans 15:3 22 d A slight revocalization of the Hebrew (see also LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate); literally may their prosperity be a trap; cited in Romans 11:9 23 e LXX; Hebrew and may their loins tremble continually; cited in Romans 11:10 25 f Cited in Acts 1:20 Psalm 72 5 a LXX He shall endure 8 b Hebrew the River 17 c Or increase Psalm 73 7 a Literally Their eye bulges with fatness; Syriac From their callous heart proceeds iniquity 10 b Or His people 26 c Hebrew rock Psalm 74 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 11 b Literally From the midst of Your bosom destroy them! or From the midst of Your bosom remove it! 16 c Literally the light Psalm 75 9 a Or proclaim it Psalm 76 2 a That is, Jerusalem 10 b Or Surely Your wrath against men brings You praise, and the survivors of Your wrath will be restrained. Psalm 77 10 a Or “To this I will appeal: to the years of the right hand of the Most High.” 19 b Or were unknown Psalm 78 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 2 b Or from ancient times; see also LXX; cited in Matthew 13:35 24 c Cited in John 6:31 33 d Or in vapor 35 e Hebrew El-Elyon 42 f Or His hand 47 g Or frost or driving rain Psalm 80 11 a That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 11 b That is, the Euphrates Psalm 81 1 a Gittith is probably a musical or liturgical term; here and in Psalms 8 and 84. 5 b Or in Joseph 7 c Meribah means quarreling; see Exodus 17:7. Psalm 82 2 a Or How long will you defend the unjust 6 b Cited in John 10:34 Psalm 83 1 a Or deaf Psalm 84 1 a Gittith is probably a musical or liturgical term; here and in Psalms 8 and 81. 6 b Or Valley of Poplars 6 c Or with blessings Psalm 85 1 a Or restored the fortunes of Jacob Psalm 87 1 a Literally His foundation is on the holy mountains 4 b Rahab is a poetic name for Egypt. 4 c That is, the upper Nile region Psalm 88 1 a Mahalath Leannoth is probably a musical or liturgical term; see also Psalm 53:1. 1 b Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 11 c Abaddon means Destruction. Psalm 89 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. 6 b Or the sons of God or the sons of might Psalm 90 4 a See 2 Peter 3:8. 17 b Or beauty Psalm 91 1 a Hebrew Shaddai 12 b Cited in Matthew 4:6 and Luke 4:10–11 Psalm 92 11 a Or my ears hear evildoers when they rise against me Psalm 94 11 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 3:20 21 b Or condemn innocent blood Psalm 95 8 a LXX as you did in the rebellion; Meribah means quarreling; see Exodus 17:7; cited in Hebrews 3:15 and Hebrews 4:7. 8 b LXX in the day of testing in the wilderness; Massah means testing; see Exodus 17:7. 10 c LXX They always go astray in the heart 11 d Cited in Hebrews 3:7–11, Hebrews 4:3, and Hebrews 4:5 Psalm 97 11 a One Hebrew manuscript, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; most Hebrew manuscripts Light is sown Psalm 99 3 a Or it is holy! 4 b Or The might of the King loves justice. Psalm 100 3 a Or and not we ourselves Psalm 102 27 a Cited in Hebrews 1:10–12 Psalm 104 4 a LXX He makes His angels winds, His servants flames of fire. Cited in Hebrews 1:7 17 b Or pines or junipers or firs 18 c Or the coneys or the hyraxes 30 d Or breath 35 e Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD Psalm 105 16 a Hebrew staff 22 b LXX and Syriac; MT to bind 28 c LXX and Syriac; Hebrew for had they not defied His words? 45 d Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD Psalm 106 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 48 7 b Or the Sea of Reeds; also in verses 9 and 22 19 c That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 20 d Or their glorious God 27 e Or cast down or cause to fall 32 f Meribah means quarreling; see Exodus 17:7. 33 g Or they provoked His Spirit Psalm 107 3 a Hebrew north and the sea 27 b Or and all their wisdom was swallowed up or and they were at their wits’ end 29 c DSS; MT their waves Psalm 108 1 a Or with my glory 7 b Or in His holiness Psalm 109 8 a Cited in Acts 1:20 10 b Hebrew; LXX may they be driven Psalm 110 1 a Cited in Matthew 22:44, Mark 12:36, Luke 20:42–43, Acts 2:34–35, and Hebrews 1:13 4 b Cited in Hebrews 5:6, Hebrews 7:17, and Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 111 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD. This psalm is an acrostic poem, each line beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Psalm 112 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD. This psalm is an acrostic poem, each line beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 9 b Cited in 2 Corinthians 9:9 Psalm 113 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 9 Psalm 115 7 a Literally they cannot utter with their throat 9 b MT; many Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac O house of Israel 18 c Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD Psalm 116 10 a LXX therefore I have spoken; cited in 2 Corinthians 4:13 19 b Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD Psalm 117 1 a Cited in Romans 15:11 2 b Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD Psalm 118 2 a LXX the house of Israel 6 b Or The LORD is with me; also in verse 7; LXX The Lord is my helper 6 c Cited in Hebrews 13:6 22 d Hebrew the head of the corner; cited in Matthew 21:42, Mark 12:10, Luke 20:17, Acts 4:11, and 1 Peter 2:7 23 e Cited in Matthew 21:42 and Mark 12:11 25 f Hebrew hosia-na, meaning save, we pray or save now; see Matthew 21:9, Matthew 21:15, Mark 11:9, and John 12:13. 26 g Cited in Matthew 21:9, Matthew 23:39, Mark 11:9, Luke 13:35, Luke 19:38, and John 12:13 27 h Or Join in the festal procession with boughs in hand, up to the horns of the altar. Psalm 119 1 a This psalm is an acrostic poem of twenty-two stanzas, following the letters of the Hebrew alphabet; within a stanza, each verse begins with the same Hebrew letter. 33 b Or keep them as my reward 37 c Two MT manuscripts and DSS; most MT manuscripts in Your way 70 d Or fat 84 e Or How many are the days of Your servant? 91 f Or They stand this day according to Your ordinances Psalm 122 6 a Or be secure 7 b Or security Psalm 126 1 a Or brought back the captives to Zion or restored the fortunes of Zion 1 b Or like those restored to health 4 c Or Restore our fortunes Psalm 132 5 a LXX for the God of Jacob; see Acts 7:46. 6 b Literally Behold, we heard of it in Ephrathah 11 c Literally “From the fruit of your body I will set (one) on your throne. Cited in Acts 2:30 Psalm 135 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verses 3 and 21 14 b Or will judge His people; see also LXX; cited in Hebrews 10:30. Psalm 136 13 a Or the Sea of Reeds; also in verse 15 15 b Hebrew shook off Psalm 137 2 a Or poplars Psalm 138 3 a Or You emboldened me with strength in my soul Psalm 139 13 a Hebrew my kidneys 17 b Or How amazing are Your thoughts concerning me 20 c Hebrew Your enemies take in vain or Your enemies bear up in vain; LXX Your enemies take Your cities in vain Psalm 140 3 a Cited in Romans 3:13 Psalm 141 8 a Or do not pour out my life or do not give me over to death Psalm 142 1 a Maskil is probably a musical or liturgical term; used for Psalms 32, 42, 44–45, 52–55, 74, 78, 88–89, and 142. Psalm 143 9 a LXX and one Hebrew manuscript; most Hebrew manuscripts in You I take cover Psalm 144 2 a Many Hebrew manuscripts, DSS, Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts subdues my people 14 b Or Our chieftains will be firmly established Psalm 145 1 a This psalm is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 13 b The final two lines are supplied by one MT manuscript, LXX, Syriac, and DSS. Psalm 146 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 10 Psalm 147 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 20 17 b Or like crumbs or like morsels 20 c MT; DSS and LXX He has not made known to them His judgments Psalm 148 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 14 1 b See Matthew 21:9, Mark 11:10, and Luke 19:38. Psalm 149 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 9 Psalm 150 1 a Or Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verse 6 1 b Or in the expanse of His might or in the firmament of His might; see also Genesis 1:6–8. Proverbs 1 4 a The Hebrew word rendered simple in Proverbs refers to one who is naive, without moral direction, or inclined to evil. 7 b The Hebrew words rendered as fool in Proverbs denote one who is morally deficient. 21 c Or from the top of the wall Proverbs 2 16 a Or wayward wife 16 b Or adulteress 18 c Hebrew to the Rephaim Proverbs 3 3 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 8 b Hebrew navel 8 c Or medicine 11 d LXX and do not lose heart when He rebukes; cited in Hebrews 12:5 12 e LXX and He flogs every son He receives; cited in Hebrews 12:6 27 f Or from its owners 34 g LXX The Lord opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble; cited in James 4:6 and 1 Peter 5:5 Proverbs 4 7 a Or And whatever else you acquire 26 b Or Ponder the path for your feet; LXX Make straight paths for your feet; cited in Hebrews 12:13 Proverbs 5 3 a Or the adulteress 3 b Or her palate 5 c Or lay hold of Sheol 19 d Or be led astray; also in verse 20 20 e Or a foreign woman or another man’s wife 21 f Or ponders or makes level Proverbs 6 3 a Or hasten 5 b Hebrew does not include of the hunter. 24 c Or the stranger 25 d Or eyelids or eyelashes 26 e Literally a crust of bread Proverbs 7 2 a Literally the pupil 22 b Probable reading (see LXX, Vulgate, Syriac); Hebrew like fetters to discipline a fool Proverbs 8 5 a Or instruct your minds 16 b Some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX who govern the earth 22 c Or The LORD possessed me at the beginning of His way 30 d Or filled with His delight Proverbs 9 1 a Hebrew; LXX, Syriac, and Aramaic Targum has set up 11 b LXX, Syriac, and Aramaic Targum; Hebrew through me 18 c Hebrew the Rephaim Proverbs 10 6 a Or but violence covers the mouth of the wicked; also in verse 11 10 b Or babbling fools will fall 12 c See 1 Peter 4:8 Proverbs 11 31 a LXX If it is hard for the righteous to be saved, what will become of the ungodly and the sinner? Cited in 1 Peter 4:18 Proverbs 13 14 a Or law Proverbs 14 16 a Or fears the LORD 22 b Or show 33 c Hebrew; LXX and Syriac but among fools she is not known Proverbs 15 11 a Or Death and Destruction Proverbs 16 20 a Or Whoever speaks prudently will find what is good 27 b Or and what is on his lips Proverbs 17 1 a Or sacrifices 23 b Hebrew a bribe from the bosom Proverbs 18 5 a Hebrew Lifting the face 10 b Or to Him Proverbs 20 2 a Literally sins against his own soul 10 b Hebrew A stone and a stone, an ephah and an ephah 16 c Or a wayward woman 19 d Or the one who is simple 27 e Or breath or speech Proverbs 21 12 a Or The righteous one 14 b Hebrew a bribe in the bosom 29 c Or puts up a bold front Proverbs 22 8 a LXX includes God blesses a cheerful and generous man, but foolish works will come to an end; see also 2 Corinthians 9:7. 9 b Literally He whose eye is good 20 c Or written for you excellent sayings or written for you three times Proverbs 23 1 a Or who is before you 6 b Literally of him whose eye is evil 7 c Or for as he calculates in his soul, so is he 16 d Hebrew My kidneys 27 e Or a foreign woman or a wayward wife Proverbs 24 5 a LXX The wise are mightier than the strong Proverbs 25 7 a Or Even the one 20 b Or on soda 22 c LXX; Hebrew For you will heap burning coals on his head; cited in Romans 12:20 Proverbs 26 11 a Cited in 2 Peter 2:22 23 b Hebrew; LXX smooth Proverbs 27 13 a Or a wayward woman 17 b Hebrew sharpens the face of another or sharpens the countenance of a friend 20 c Or Death and Destruction Proverbs 28 14 a Or always fears the LORD; Hebrew does not include the LORD. 17 b Or will be a fugitive until death 22 c Hebrew A man whose eye is evil Proverbs 29 4 a Or who taxes heavily or who takes bribes 10 b Or but the upright seek his soul Proverbs 30 1 a Or declared to Ithiel: “I am weary, O God, but I can prevail. (revocalizations); Hebrew declared to Ithiel—to Ithiel and Ucal: 26 b Or the coneys or the hyraxes 31 c Or a king against whom there is no rising up Proverbs 31 2 a Or What or What are you doing 10 b Verses 10–31 are an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 17 c Hebrew She girds her loins 21 d Or doubly clothed Ecclesiastes 1 1 a Or the Convener or the Preacher or the leader of the assembly; Hebrew Qoheleth is rendered as the Teacher throughout Ecclesiastes. 2 b Literally vapor or breath; the Hebrew words translated in Ecclesiastes as forms of futile or fleeting can also be translated as vanity or meaningless. Ecclesiastes 2 25 a Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts apart from me or more than I Ecclesiastes 3 19 a Or spirit Ecclesiastes 5 6 a Or angel Ecclesiastes 6 7 a Hebrew filled Ecclesiastes 7 9 a Hebrew in the bosom of fools 18 b Or will avoid all extremes Ecclesiastes 8 10 a Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Vulgate; most Hebrew manuscripts were soon forgotten Ecclesiastes 9 2 a LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew does not include and the bad. 9 b Or futile; twice in this verse Ecclesiastes 10 16 a Or a servant Ecclesiastes 11 5 a Or As you do not know the way the spirit comes to the bones 10 b Or futile Ecclesiastes 12 10 a Or and sought to write what was upright and true 11 b Or shepherd Song of Solomon 1 1 a Most translators add subheadings for speaker identifications such as The Bride, The Groom, and The Friends based on the gender and number of the Hebrew words. Song of Solomon 2 1 a Sharon Plain is a region in the coastal plain of Israel 4 b That is, the banquet hall 12 c Or pruning 17 d Or the rugged mountains Song of Solomon 3 7 a That is, the couch on which servants carry a king Song of Solomon 4 8 a Or Look down 15 b Or flowing water or living water Song of Solomon 5 16 a Hebrew palate Song of Solomon 6 12 a Or among the chariots of Amminadab 13 b Or the dance of the two camps Song of Solomon 7 9 a Hebrew palate 9 b LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; Hebrew gliding gently over lips as we sleep 11 c Or among the henna blossoms or in the villages Song of Solomon 8 6 a Or passion 11 b Hebrew a thousand of silver; that is, approximately 25.1 pounds or 11.4 kilograms of silver Isaiah 1 9 a LXX had left us descendants 9 b Cited in Romans 9:29 17 c Or and encourage the oppressed Isaiah 2 16 a Or every ship of trade Isaiah 3 1 a Hebrew staff 7 b Or binder of wounds 8 c Hebrew defying the eyes of His glory 17 d Or will uncover their secret parts 24 e DSS; MT branding Isaiah 5 10 a Literally ten yoke of vineyard will yield a bath; that is, the area ten yoke of oxen can plow in a day will yield approximately 5.8 gallons or 22 liters of wine. 10 b Literally and a homer of seed will yield an ephah; that is, a homer of seed (approximately 6.24 bushels or 220 liters) will yield a tenth of its weight in grain. 17 c LXX lambs Isaiah 6 1 a Or the hem of His robe 9 b Hebrew; LXX ‘You shall be ever hearing, but never understanding; you shall be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’ Cited in Matthew 13:14, Mark 4:12, Luke 8:10, and Acts 28:26 10 c Hebrew; LXX For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them. Cited in Matthew 13:15, Mark 4:12, John 12:40, and Acts 28:27 Isaiah 7 1 a That is, Syria 2 b Or had set up camp in Ephraim, that is, the northern kingdom of Israel 3 c Shear-jashub means a remnant shall return. 6 d Hebrew split it open 14 e Or young woman 14 f Immanuel means God with us; literally and she will call His name Immanuel; DSS and His name will be called Immanuel or and He will call His name Immanuel; LXX and you will call His name Immanuel; cited in Matthew 1:23. 20 g Hebrew the River 23 h Hebrew a thousand of silver; that is, approximately 25.1 pounds or 11.4 kilograms of silver Isaiah 8 1 a Hebrew with a man’s 1 b Maher-shalal-hash-baz means The spoil speeds, the prey hastens or Swift to plunder, quick to carry away; also in verse 3. 7 c Hebrew the River 8 d Immanuel means God with us. 9 e Or Raise the war cry or Be evil or Be broken 10 f Hebrew Immanuel; see Matthew 1:23. 12 g Or Do not fear their threats 12 h LXX do not be shaken; cited in 1 Peter 3:14 14 i Cited in Romans 9:33 and 1 Peter 2:8 17 j Or I will eagerly look for Him; cited in Hebrews 2:13 18 k Cited in Hebrews 2:13 Isaiah 9 2 a Cited in Matthew 4:15–16 9 b That is, the northern kingdom of Israel 12 c That is, Syria 20 d Literally of his own arm Isaiah 10 21 a Hebrew Shear-jashub; also in verse 22; see Isaiah 7:3. 22 b LXX Though the people of Israel be like the sand of the sea, only a remnant will be saved. Cited in Romans 9:27 23 c LXX He will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness, because the Lord will make a short work in all the world. Cited in Romans 9:28 27 d Literally broken because of fatness; LXX broken from your shoulders Isaiah 11 6 a Hebrew; LXX the young calf and bull and lion will feed together 10 b LXX On that day the Root of Jesse will appear, One who will arise to rule over the Gentiles; in Him the Gentiles will put their hope; cited in Romans 15:12. 11 c That is, the upper Nile region 11 d That is, Babylonia 11 e Or coastlands 13 f That is, the northern kingdom of Israel 13 g Or hostility 15 h Or will completely dry up 15 i Hebrew the tongue 15 j Hebrew the River Isaiah 13 6 a Hebrew Shaddai 21 b Literally Daughters of an ostrich or Daughters of an owl 22 c Or serpents or dragons Isaiah 14 4 a DSS, LXX, and Syriac; MT the golden city 8 b Or pines or junipers or firs 12 c Or morning star or shining one or Lucifer 13 d Or in the remote parts of Zaphon or on the heights of Zaphon 18 e Hebrew house Isaiah 15 5 a Or Zoar, like a heifer three years of age. 7 b Or Poplars 9 c MT, twice in this verse; DSS and Vulgate Dibon; Dimon, a wordplay on Dibon (see verse 2), sounds like the Hebrew for blood. Isaiah 16 5 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 8 b Or and had gone as far as the sea; that is, probably the Dead Sea 11 c Kir-heres is a variant of Kir-hareseth; see verse 7. Isaiah 17 3 a Or The fortified city will disappear from Ephraim, that is, from the northern kingdom of Israel Isaiah 18 1 a Or of many locusts 1 b That is, the upper Nile region Isaiah 19 10 a Or Its pillars 13 b LXX; Hebrew Noph 18 c Some MT manuscripts, DSS, and Vulgate; most MT manuscripts City of Destruction Isaiah 20 3 a That is, the upper Nile region; similarly in verses 4 and 5 Isaiah 21 8 a DSS and Syriac; MT lion 9 b See Revelation 14:8 and Revelation 18:2. 11 c Dumah is a wordplay on Edom, meaning silence. 11 d Seir is another name for Edom. Isaiah 22 13 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 15:32 22 b See Revelation 3:7. Isaiah 23 1 a Or Wail, O fleet of trading ships; also in verse 14 1 b Hebrew Kittim; also in verse 12 2 c DSS and LXX; MT whom the seafarers have enriched 10 d DSS and some LXX manuscripts; MT Overflow 13 e That is, the Babylonians Isaiah 24 14 a Or from the sea 15 b Or coastlands Isaiah 25 8 a Or He will swallow up death in victory; cited in 1 Corinthians 15:54 8 b Cited in Revelation 7:17 and Revelation 21:4 11 c Or along with Isaiah 26 9 a Or my spirit within me seeks You. Isaiah 27 1 a Hebrew nachash; translated in most cases as snake; twice in this verse 8 b Or By driving her away into exile or Measure by measure, by exile 9 c LXX Therefore the guilt of Jacob will be taken away, and this is his blessing when I take away his sin; cited in Romans 11:27 12 d Hebrew River Isaiah 28 1 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 3 10 b Or For He says or For it is; literally For 10 c Or Do this, do that, a rule for this, a rule for that; Hebrew sav lasav sav lasav kav lakav kav lakav (possibly meaningless sounds to demonstrate an inability to understand); also in verse 13 11 d Cited in 1 Corinthians 14:21 15 e Or false gods 16 f LXX will never be put to shame; cited in Romans 9:33, Romans 10:11, and 1 Peter 2:6 Isaiah 29 1 a Or Altar Hearth or Lion of God; probably a nickname for Jerusalem; twice in this verse, twice in verse 2, and once in verse 7 2 b Or like Ariel; see the footnote for verse 1. 13 c Hebrew; LXX They worship Me in vain; they teach as doctrine the precepts of men. Cited in Matthew 15:8–9 and Mark 7:6–7 14 d Hebrew; LXX I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will hide the intelligence of the intelligent. Cited in 1 Corinthians 1:19 16 e Cited in Romans 9:20 Isaiah 30 7 a Hebrew Rahab-hem-shebeth 32 b Some Hebrew manuscripts, Syriac; MT the rod of foundation; DSS the rod of His foundation Isaiah 32 14 a Hebrew The Ophel Isaiah 33 4 a O nations is added for clarity. 8 b Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant. 8 c DSS; MT the cities Isaiah 34 2 a Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verse 5. 8 b Or of recompense for (Edom’s) hostility against Zion. 11 c The precise identification of these birds is uncertain. 13 d Or serpents or dragons 13 e Literally for daughters of an ostrich or for daughters of an owl 14 f Hebrew Lilith Isaiah 35 3 a Cited in Hebrews 12:12 7 b Or serpents or dragons Isaiah 36 2 a Hebrew Rabshakeh is the title of a high-ranking Assyrian military officer; here and throughout chapters 36 and 37, as well as 2 Kings 18 and 19 5 b Literally You speak; see DSS and 2 Kings 18:20; MT I speak. 11 c Or in the dialect of Judah; also in verse 13 16 d Or Make a blessing with me Isaiah 37 9 a That is, the upper Nile region 11 b Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 20 c DSS (see also 2 Kings 19:19); MT You alone are the LORD 24 d Or pines or junipers or firs 25 e DSS (see also 2 Kings 19:24); MT does not include foreign. 27 f DSS, some MT manuscripts, and some LXX manuscripts (see also 2 Kings 19:26); most MT manuscripts on the rooftops and terraced fields 36 g Hebrew When they got up Isaiah 38 6 a MT and LXX; DSS includes for My sake and for the sake of My servant David; see 2 Kings 20:6. 10 b Or In the quiet or In the middle 13 c Or I cried out; see Targum Yonaton. Isaiah 40 3 a Or A voice of one calling in the wilderness: “Prepare the way for the LORD 3 b LXX make straight the paths of our God; cited in Matthew 3:3, Mark 1:3, Luke 3:4, and John 1:23 4 c LXX Every valley shall be filled in, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low. All the crooked ways shall become straight, and the rough places plains. Cited in Luke 3:5 5 d Literally and all flesh together will see it. Cited in Luke 3:6 8 e Cited in 1 Peter 1:24–25 9 f Or O herald of good news to Zion, go up on a high mountain. O herald of good news to Jerusalem, lift it up, 13 g Or mind of the LORD; see also LXX. 13 h Cited in Romans 11:34 and 1 Corinthians 2:16 15 i Or coastlands 23 j Or judges Isaiah 41 1 a Or coastlands; also in verse 5 2 b Or from the east, whom victory meets at every step 19 c Or pines or junipers or firs 27 d Or Formerly I said to Zion: Isaiah 42 4 a Or bruised 4 b Or In His teaching the coastlands will put their hope; LXX In His name the nations will put their hope; cited in Matthew 12:18–21 10 c Or coastlands; also in verse 12 15 d Or coastlands or islands Isaiah 43 3 a That is, the upper Nile region 14 b That is, the Babylonians 20 c Or serpents or dragons 20 d Literally and daughters of an ostrich or and daughters of an owl 28 e Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. Isaiah 44 2 a Jeshurun means the upright one, a term of endearment for Israel. 4 b Or poplars 14 c Or pine or juniper or fir Isaiah 45 2 a DSS and LXX; MT level the terrain 9 b Cited in Romans 9:20 14 c That is, the upper Nile region 23 d Literally every tongue will swear; LXX every tongue will swear by God; cited in Romans 14:11 Isaiah 47 1 a That is, the Babylonians; also in verse 5 Isaiah 48 14 a That is, the Babylonians; also in verse 20 19 b Literally like the sand, and your offspring like its grains Isaiah 49 1 a Or coastlands 6 b Cited in Acts 13:47 8 c LXX In the time of favor I heard You, and in the day of salvation I helped You; cited in 2 Corinthians 6:2 10 d Cited in Revelation 7:16 12 e Or from the sea 12 f That is, a region in southern Egypt (from DSS); MT the land of Sinim 17 g DSS; MT Your sons 22 h Hebrew in their bosom 24 i DSS, Syriac, and Vulgate (see also verse 25); MT of the righteous Isaiah 51 5 a Or coastlands 16 b Or to plant 19 c DSS, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; MT How can I comfort you? Isaiah 52 5 a DSS and Vulgate; MT wail 5 b LXX —on account of you My name is blasphemed continually among the Gentiles; cited in Romans 2:24 7 c Cited in Romans 10:15 11 d Cited in 2 Corinthians 6:17 13 e Or will act wisely 14 f Syriac; Hebrew at You 15 g Or startle 15 h LXX For those who were not told will see, and those who have not heard will understand. Cited in Romans 15:21 Isaiah 53 1 a Cited in John 12:38 and Romans 10:16 4 b LXX This One bears our sins and is pained for us; cited in Matthew 8:17 and 1 Peter 2:24 5 c Cited in 1 Peter 2:24 6 d Cited in 1 Peter 2:25 8 e LXX In humiliation He was deprived of justice. Who can recount His descendants? For His life was removed from the earth; cited in Acts 8:32–33. 9 f Cited in 1 Peter 2:22 10 g Or and though He makes His life a guilt offering 11 h DSS (see also LXX); MT does not include the light of life. 12 i Or many 12 j Or numerous 12 k Cited in Luke 22:37 Isaiah 54 1 a Cited in Galatians 4:27 2 b Or and strengthen your stakes 9 c Some manuscripts For this is like the waters of Noah 11 d Or lapis lazuli 13 e Cited in John 6:45 Isaiah 55 3 a Cited in Acts 13:34 13 b Or pine or juniper or fir Isaiah 56 7 a Cited in Matthew 21:13, Mark 11:17, and Luke 19:46 Isaiah 57 9 a Or to the king 9 b Or idols Isaiah 59 7 a LXX misery 8 b Cited in Romans 3:15–17 15 c Hebrew and it was evil in His eyes 18 d Or coastlands 19 e Or When the enemy comes like a raging flood, the Spirit of the LORD will drive him back 20 f LXX to remove godlessness from Jacob; cited in Romans 11:26 21 g Cited in Romans 11:27 21 h Literally My Spirit, who is upon you, Isaiah 60 9 a Or coastlands 9 b Or a fleet of trading ships 13 c Or pine or juniper or fir 19 d DSS, LXX, and Targum Yonaton; MT shine on you 19 e Or your beauty Isaiah 61 1 a Hebrew; LXX to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind; cited in Luke 4:18 2 b Or to proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD; cited in Luke 4:19 Isaiah 62 4 a Hebrew Azubah 4 b Hebrew Shemamah 4 c Hephzibah means My delight is in her. 4 d Beulah means married. Isaiah 63 1 a Or It is I, speaking in righteousness, 9 b Or angel of His presence Isaiah 64 4 a Cited in 1 Corinthians 2:9 6 b Or like a stained menstrual garment 7 c LXX, Syriac, and Targum Yonaton; MT have made us melt in the hand Isaiah 65 1 a Cited in Romans 10:20 2 b LXX to a disobedient and obstinate people; cited in Romans 10:21 9 c Or and heirs to My mountains out of Judah; My elect will possess them 11 d Hebrew Gad, the Babylonian god of fortune 11 e Hebrew Meni, the Babylonian god of fate 17 f LXX a new heaven and a new earth; see also Isaiah 66:22 and Revelation 21:1. 25 g Hebrew nachash; translated in most cases as snake Isaiah 66 2 a Cited in Acts 7:49–50 18 b Literally And I, their deeds and their thoughts, am coming 19 c Or coastlands 22 d LXX the new heaven and the new earth; see also Isaiah 65:17 and Revelation 21:1. 24 e Cited in Mark 9:48 Jeremiah 1 12 a The Hebrew for watching sounds like the Hebrew for almond tree. 17 b Hebrew Gird up your loins. Jeremiah 2 10 a Hebrew Kittim 11 b Or their glorious God 16 c LXX; Hebrew Noph 18 d Hebrew of Shihor, a branch of the Nile River 18 e Hebrew the River Jeremiah 3 8 a DSS, one LXX manuscript, and Syriac; MT I saw Jeremiah 5 13 a Literally let this befall them. Jeremiah 6 2 a Or To a lovely and delicate woman I have likened the Daughter of Zion 10 b Hebrew uncircumcised 23 c Or javelin 27 d Or to examine My people, a fortress Jeremiah 7 11 a Cited in Matthew 21:13, Mark 11:17, and Luke 19:46 13 b Literally I have spoken to you, rising up early and speaking, 25 c Literally I have sent you all My servants the prophets daily, rising up early and sending (them). Jeremiah 8 7 a The precise identification of some of these birds is uncertain. 18 b Or O my Comforter in sorrow, Jeremiah 9 6 a That is, Jeremiah dwells (the Hebrew is singular) 7 b LXX because of the wickedness of 11 c Or serpents or dragons 24 d Cited in 1 Corinthians 1:31 and 2 Corinthians 10:17 24 e Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. Jeremiah 10 11 a The original text of this verse is in Aramaic. 22 b Or serpents or dragons Jeremiah 11 7 a Literally I earnestly warned them, rising up early and warning (them), 20 b Hebrew the kidneys Jeremiah 12 2 a Hebrew their kidneys 9 b Or like a speckled hyena with birds of prey Jeremiah 13 4 a Or possibly to the Euphrates; similarly in verses 5–7 22 b Literally and your heels have suffered violence 23 c Hebrew that Cushite; that is, probably a person from the upper Nile region Jeremiah 14 6 a Or serpents or dragons Jeremiah 15 2 a See Revelation 13:10. 14 b Some Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Syriac (see also Jeremiah 17:4); most Hebrew manuscripts Then I will cause your enemies to bring you into a land Jeremiah 17 5 a Hebrew arm 10 b Hebrew kidneys 26 c Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea Jeremiah 19 7 a The Hebrew term for ruin sounds like the Hebrew for jar; see verses 1 and 10. 8 b Literally and a hissing Jeremiah 20 3 a Magor-missabib means terror on every side or the man who lives in terror. 12 b Hebrew kidneys Jeremiah 21 2 a Hebrew Nebuchadrezzar, a variant of Nebuchadnezzar (king of Babylon), which occurs frequently in Jeremiah. The latter spelling is used throughout Jeremiah for consistency. 4 b That is, the Babylonians; also in verse 9 Jeremiah 22 11 a Shallum was also called Jehoahaz. 15 b Or because you enclose yourself 23 c That is, the palace in Jerusalem; see 1 Kings 7:2. 24 d Coniah is a variant of Jehoiachin; also in verse 28. 25 e That is, the Babylonians Jeremiah 23 5 a Or up for David’s line 6 b Hebrew YHWH Tsidqenu Jeremiah 24 1 a Jeconiah is a variant of Jehoiachin; see 2 Kings 24:12. 1 b Or metalsmiths, and had brought them from Jerusalem to Babylon 5 c That is, the Babylonians Jeremiah 25 3 a Literally I have spoken to you, rising up early and speaking, 4 b Literally to you, rising up early and sending (them), 9 c Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 12 d That is, the Babylonians 26 e Sheshach is a code name for Babylon. 34 f Hebrew; LXX you will fall like the best of the rams 38 g Some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX (see also Jeremiah 46:16 and Jeremiah 50:16); most Hebrew manuscripts anger Jeremiah 26 5 a Literally I have sent you, rising up early and sending (them), 18 b Micah 3:12 20 c Literally according to all the words of Jeremiah Jeremiah 27 1 a A few Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac (see also verses 3 and 12, and Jeremiah 28:1); most Hebrew manuscripts Jehoiakim 1 b Most LXX manuscripts do not include this verse. 20 c Jeconiah is a variant of Jehoiachin; see 2 Kings 24:12. Jeremiah 28 4 a Jeconiah is a variant of Jehoiachin; see 2 Kings 24:12. Jeremiah 29 2 a Jeconiah is a variant of Jehoiachin; see 2 Kings 24:12. 9 b Some translators close the written portion of this letter later in the chapter. 14 c Or restore your fortunes 19 d Literally I sent to them, rising up early and sending (to them) 25 e Hebrew You said; the addressee Zephaniah is added for clarity. Jeremiah 30 3 a Or restore the fortunes of 18 b Or restore from captivity Jeremiah 31 3 a Or The LORD appeared to him from afar, saying 15 b Cited in Matthew 2:18 18 c That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 20 20 d Hebrew My bowels yearn for him 22 e Or will surround or will return to 23 f Or restore their fortunes 32 g Hebrew; LXX for they did not abide in My covenant, and I disregarded them; see also Syriac. 34 h Cited in Hebrews 8:8–12 and Hebrews 10:16–17 38 i Literally Behold, the days; alternate MT reading Behold, the days are coming Jeremiah 32 4 a That is, the Babylonians; also in verses 5, 24, 25, 28, 29, and 43 9 b 17 shekels is approximately 6.8 ounces or 193.8 grams of silver. 18 c Hebrew into the bosom 33 d Literally I taught them, rising up early and teaching, 38 e Cited in 2 Corinthians 6:16 44 f Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 44 g Or restore their fortunes Jeremiah 33 2 a LXX; Hebrew who made it 5 b Or They are coming to fight the Chaldeans; that is, the Babylonians 7 c Or restore the fortunes of Judah and Israel 11 d Or restore the fortunes of the land 13 e Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 16 f Hebrew YHWH Tsidqenu 26 g Or restore their fortunes Jeremiah 35 6 a Jonadab is a variant of Jehonadab; here and throughout this chapter; see 2 Kings 10:15. 11 b That is, the Babylonians 14 c Literally But I have spoken to you, rising up early and speaking, 15 d Literally Rising up early and sending (you), I have sent you Jeremiah 37 1 a Coniah is a variant of Jehoiachin. 3 b Jehucal is a variant of Jucal; see Jeremiah 38:1. 5 c That is, the Babylonians; also in verses 8, 9, 13, and 14 12 d Literally to divide from there Jeremiah 38 1 a Jucal is a variant of Jehucal; see Jeremiah 37:3. 2 b That is, the Babylonians; also in verses 18, 19, and 23 7 c Probably from the upper Nile region 7 d Or eunuch Jeremiah 39 3 a Or Nergal-sharezer, Samgar-nebo, Sarsekim 3 b Hebrew Rabsaris is the title of the chief eunuch in the Assyrian military; also in verse 13. 3 c Hebrew Rabmag is the title of the chief soothsayer or chief of princes in the Assyrian military; also in verse 13. 4 d Or the Jordan Valley 5 e That is, the Babylonians; also in verse 8 13 f Nebushazban is possibly a variant of Nebo-sarsekim; see verse 3. Jeremiah 40 8 a Jezaniah is a variant of Jaazaniah; see 2 Kings 25:23. 9 b That is, the Babylonians; also in verse 10 Jeremiah 41 3 a Or Babylonian 16 b Or eunuchs 18 c That is, the Babylonians Jeremiah 42 1 a Hebrew; LXX Azariah; see Jeremiah 43:2. Jeremiah 43 3 a That is, the Babylonians 12 b Literally and he will burn them and take them captive 13 c LXX He will demolish the pillars of Heliopolis in On or He will demolish the pillars of Heliopolis in Egypt; Hebrew He will demolish the pillars of Beth-shemesh in the land of Egypt Jeremiah 44 1 a Or Lower Egypt or northern Egypt; also in verse 15 1 b LXX; Hebrew Noph 1 c Or Upper Egypt or southern Egypt; also in verse 15 4 d Literally the prophets, rising up early and sending (them), 15 e That is, in Lower and Upper Egypt; possibly in the land of Egypt at Pathros Jeremiah 45 4 a Literally Thus you shall say to him: Jeremiah 46 9 a That is, the upper Nile region 14 b LXX; Hebrew Noph; also in verse 19 22 c Hebrew nachash; translated in most cases as snake 25 d Hebrew Amon of No Jeremiah 47 4 a That is, Crete 5 b That is, the Mediterranean coast or plain Jeremiah 48 2 a The Hebrew for Heshbon sounds like the Hebrew for plot. 2 b The name of the Moabite town Madmen sounds like the Hebrew for silenced. 4 c Hebrew; LXX her cries are heard as far away as Zoar 6 d Or like a wild donkey or like Aroer 9 e Or Give wings to Moab, for she would fly away 21 f Jahzah is a variant of Jahaz; see verse 34. 31 g Kir-heres is a variant of Kir-hareseth; also in verse 36; see Isaiah 16:7. 32 h Probably the Dead Sea 32 i Two Hebrew manuscripts and LXX; most Hebrew manuscripts to the Sea of Jazer 47 j Or restore the fortunes of Moab Jeremiah 49 1 a Or their king; Milcom is a variant of Molech; also in verse 3; see Leviticus 18:21 and 1 Kings 11:7. 4 b Or your valleys flowing 6 c Or restore the fortunes of the Ammonites 16 d Or of Sela 20 e Or their pasture will be appalled at their fate 21 f Or the Sea of Reeds 23 g Hebrew on the sea or by the sea 33 h Or serpents or dragons 39 i Or restore the fortunes of Elam Jeremiah 50 1 a That is, the Babylonians; also in verses 8, 25, 35, and 45 10 b Or Babylonia 21 c LXX Avenge, O sword, 21 d Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verse 26. 38 e Or go mad with fear 39 f Literally daughters of an ostrich or daughters of an owl 42 g Or javelin Jeremiah 51 1 a Leb-kamai is a code name for Chaldea, that is, Babylonia. 3 b Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. 4 c That is, the Babylonians; also in verse 54 11 d LXX and some translations of the Hebrew; literally Fill the hand with the shields! or Take up the shields! 24 e That is, Babylonia; also in verse 35 34 f Or expelled me 37 g Or serpents or dragons 41 h Sheshach is a code name for Babylon. 45 i See Revelation 18:4. Jeremiah 52 7 a That is, the Babylonians; similarly in verses 8, 9, 14, and 17 7 b Or the Jordan Valley 21 c Each pillar was approximately 27 feet high and 18 feet in circumference (8.2 meters high and 5.5 meters in circumference). 21 d 4 fingers is approximately 2.9 inches or 7.4 centimeters. 22 e 5 cubits is approximately 7.5 feet or 2.3 meters. 31 f Literally he lifted up the head of Lamentations 1 1 a This chapter is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 8 b Or her shame 14 c Most Hebrew manuscripts; other Hebrew manuscripts and LXX He kept watch over my sins 15 d Or has set a time for me Lamentations 2 1 a This chapter is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 3 b Or all the strength 17 c Or the strength 18 d Literally Their heart cries out to the Lord. 19 e That is, between six and nine at night Lamentations 3 1 a This chapter is an acrostic poem, each 3–verse stanza beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 22 b Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. Lamentations 4 1 a This chapter is an acrostic poem, each verse beginning with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. 3 b Or serpents or dragons 6 c Or iniquity 7 d Or their polishing or their hair 7 e Hebrew lapis lazuli 22 f Or He will not exile you again Ezekiel 1 1 a Or from God 3 b That is, the Babylonians 4 c Or The center of the fire looked like glowing metal; similarly in verse 27 24 d Hebrew Shaddai Ezekiel 2 1 a Or Son of Adam; here and throughout Ezekiel Ezekiel 3 12 a Or the wind; also in verse 14 12 b Or sound behind me as the glory of the LORD rose from its place! 18 c Or for his iniquity; also in verse 19 20 d Or for his sin Ezekiel 4 10 a 20 shekels is approximately 8 ounces or 228 grams of food. 11 b A sixth of a hin is approximately 0.65 quarts or 0.61 liters of water. 14 c Hebrew “Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “Behold, my soul has never been made unclean. 16 d Hebrew staff Ezekiel 5 7 a Some Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac My ordinances; you have even conformed 15 b DSS, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate; MT So it will be 16 c Hebrew them 16 d Hebrew staff Ezekiel 6 14 a Most Hebrew manuscripts; Vulgate and a few Hebrew manuscripts Riblah Ezekiel 7 5 a Or A unique disaster, as in most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac Disaster after disaster 11 b Literally The violence has grown into a rod of wickedness Ezekiel 8 2 a Or as glowing metal 5 b Or gate of the altar 14 c Tammuz, meaning Sprout of Life, was a Sumerian god of fertility. Ezekiel 10 5 a Hebrew El-Shaddai Ezekiel 11 3 a Or cauldron 24 b Or Babylonia Ezekiel 12 11 a Literally ‘I am a sign to you.’ Just as I have done; some translators close the quotation at the end of the verse. Ezekiel 14 13 a Hebrew staff Ezekiel 16 29 a Or Babylonia 30 b Or How feverish is your heart, 50 c A few Hebrew manuscripts and LXX; MT as I have seen 53 d Or restore the fortunes of Sodom and her daughters 57 e Many Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts, LXX, and Vulgate Aram Ezekiel 17 3 a Pinions are the outer parts of a bird’s wings, including the flight feathers. 5 b Hebrew in a field of seed 13 c Hebrew the royal seed 21 d Many Hebrew manuscripts; MT All his fleeing troops Ezekiel 18 17 a Hebrew; LXX He withholds his hand from iniquity Ezekiel 19 7 a Or He knew their widows or He seized their widows 10 b Some Hebrew manuscripts; most Hebrew manuscripts in your bloodline Ezekiel 20 11 a See Leviticus 18:5; also in Ezekiel 20:13 and 21. 29 b Bamah means high place. 31 c Literally making your sons pass through the fire 34 d LXX receive you; see also 2 Corinthians 6:17. 36 e Or in the wilderness after bringing them out of Egypt 46 f Hebrew toward Teman Ezekiel 21 12 a Or beat your breast 27 b Or of Him to whom it rightfully belongs, to whom I have given it. Ezekiel 22 16 a Or And when I have allotted you your inheritance 25 b LXX; Hebrew prophets Ezekiel 23 4 a Oholah means her own tent or she worships at a tent shrine, a metaphor for Samaria as an adulteress with Assyria. 4 b Oholibah means the tent is in her or she is a tent shrine, a metaphor for Jerusalem as an adulterous wife. 14 c That is, the Babylonians 15 d Or Babylonia; also in verse 16 24 e LXX They will all come against you from the north 37 f Literally passed their children, whom they bore to Me, through the fire 40 g Hebrew they sent 42 h Or Sabeans Ezekiel 24 6 a Or let no lot fall upon it Ezekiel 25 5 a Hebrew and the Ammonites 8 b LXX does not include and Seir. Ezekiel 26 1 a Likely reading of the original Hebrew text; MT In the eleventh year 7 b Hebrew Nebuchadrezzar, a variant of Nebuchadnezzar (king of Babylon). The latter spelling is used throughout Ezekiel for consistency. 17 c Or on all her inhabitants 20 d LXX or take your place Ezekiel 27 5 a Or pine or juniper or fir 5 b That is, Mount Hermon 6 c Hebrew Kittim 13 d That is, Greece 15 e Hebrew; LXX Rhodes 16 f Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac Edom 19 g Probable reading; MT —and Dan and Javan from Uzal (traded) for your wares 19 h Or calamus 19 i Or were among your merchandise 25 j Or A fleet of trading ships Ezekiel 28 13 a The precise identification of some of these gemstones is uncertain. 13 b Or lapis lazuli Ezekiel 29 7 a Syriac (see also LXX and Vulgate); Hebrew and you caused their loins to shake. 10 b That is, the upper Nile region 14 c Or restore the fortunes of Egypt Ezekiel 30 3 a Hebrew does not include of doom. 4 b That is, the upper Nile region; also in verses 5 and 9 5 c Or Lydia 6 d That is, Aswan; see Isaiah 49:12 9 e Hebrew the day of Egypt 13 f LXX; Hebrew Noph; also in verse 16 14 g Hebrew No; also in verses 15 and 16 15 h Hebrew Sin; also in verse 16 17 i That is, Heliopolis and Bubastis, as in LXX; Hebrew Aven and Pi-beseth Ezekiel 31 8 a Or pines or junipers or firs 8 b Possibly chestnut or juniper 10 c Hebrew you became great 10 d Or through the thick boughs Ezekiel 32 5 a Or your lofty stature 9 b Hebrew; LXX when I lead you into captivity among the nations, into countries 17 c Presumably the fifteenth day of the twelfth month (see verse 1); LXX on the fifteenth day of the first month. 27 d LXX; Hebrew warriors of the uncircumcised 27 e Likely reading of the original Hebrew text; MT iniquities Ezekiel 33 9 a See Acts 20:25–26 Ezekiel 37 5 a Or spirit; also in verses 6, 9, and 10 16 b Or branch; also in verses 17, 19, and 20 23 c Many Hebrew manuscripts (see also LXX); most Hebrew manuscripts all their dwelling places where they sinned 27 d Or My tabernacle 27 e Cited in 2 Corinthians 6:16 Ezekiel 38 2 a Or of Magog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal 3 b Or Gog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal 5 c That is, the upper Nile region 13 d Or young lions 14 e LXX will you not rouse yourself? Ezekiel 39 1 a Or Gog, prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal 11 b That is, the Dead Sea 11 c Hamon-gog means multitude of Gog. 13 d Or and the day I display My glory will be a day of renown 16 e Hamonah means multitude or horde. 25 f Or restore the fortunes of Jacob 26 g A few Hebrew manuscripts; MT They will bear Ezekiel 40 5 a 6 long cubits, the length of the reed used for measuring, is approximately 10.5 feet or 3.2 meters; similarly in verses 6, 7, and 12. The long cubit of about 21 inches or 53.3 centimeters is the basic unit of length throughout Ezekiel 40 to 48. 6 b Hebrew one reed deep, even one threshold, one reed deep. 7 c 5 (long) cubits is approximately 8.75 feet or 2.7 meters; also in verses 30 and 48. 8 d Literally the portico of the gateway inside, one rod 9 e 8 (long) cubits is approximately 14 feet or 4.3 meters. 9 f 2 (long) cubits is approximately 3.5 feet or 1.1 meters. 11 g 10 (long) cubits is approximately 17.5 feet or 5.3 meters. 11 h 13 (long) cubits is approximately 22.75 feet or 6.9 meters. 13 i 25 (long) cubits is approximately 43.75 feet or 13.3 meters; also in verses 21, 25, 29, 30, 33, and 36. 14 j 60 (long) cubits is approximately 105 feet or 32 meters. 15 k 50 (long) cubits is approximately 87.5 feet or 26.7 meters; also in verses 21, 25, 29, 33, and 36. 16 l Or gateposts or jambs or projecting walls; here and throughout Ezekiel 40 and 41. 19 m 100 (long) cubits is approximately 175 feet or 53.3 meters; also in verses 23, 27, and 47. 30 n The porticoes were approximately 43.75 feet long and 8.75 feet deep (13.3 meters long and 2.7 meters deep). 37 o LXX and Vulgate (see also verses 26, 31, and 34); Hebrew jambs or dividing wall 38 p Hebrew at the jambs 42 q The tables were approximately 2.6 feet in length and width, and 1.75 feet high (79.2 centimeters in length and width, and 53.3 centimeters high). 43 r Or shelves 43 s A handbreadth is approximately 2.9 inches or 7.4 centimeters long. 44 t LXX; Hebrew within the inner court were chambers for the singers 44 u LXX; Hebrew the east gateway 48 v LXX; the gateway was approximately 24.5 feet or 7.5 meters wide, with sidewalls approximately 5.25 feet or 1.6 meters wide on either side. Hebrew The width of the gateway was three cubits on either side. 49 w 20 (long) cubits is approximately 35 feet or 10.7 meters. 49 x LXX; 12 (long) cubits is approximately 21 feet or 6.4 meters; Hebrew eleven cubits deep; that is, approximately 19.25 feet or 5.9 meters. 49 y LXX; Hebrew and steps led up to it Ezekiel 41 1 a 6 (long) cubits is approximately 10.5 feet or 3.2 meters; also in verses 3, 5, and 8. 1 b One Hebrew manuscript and LXX; most Hebrew manuscripts on each side—the width of the tent 2 c 10 (long) cubits is approximately 17.5 feet or 5.3 meters. 2 d 5 (long) cubits is approximately 8.75 feet or 2.7 meters; also in verses 9, 11, and 12. 2 e The outer sanctuary was approximately 70 feet long and 35 feet wide (21.3 meters long and 10.7 meters wide). 3 f 2 (long) cubits is approximately 3.5 feet or 1.1 meters. 3 g 7 (long) cubits is approximately 12.25 feet or 3.7 meters. 4 h Or the length of the inner sanctuary 4 i The room was approximately 35 feet long and 35 feet wide (10.7 meters long and 10.7 meters wide). 4 j Or the Holy of Holies 5 k 4 (long) cubits is approximately 7 feet or 2.1 meters. 12 l 70 (long) cubits is approximately 122.5 feet or 37.3 meters. 12 m 90 (long) cubits is approximately 157.5 feet or 48 meters. 13 n 100 (long) cubits is approximately 175 feet or 53.3 meters; similarly in verses 14 and 15. 22 o Or long; the altar was approximately 5.25 feet high and 3.5 feet square (1.6 meters high and 1.1 meters square) Ezekiel 42 2 a The building was approximately 175 feet long and 87.5 feet wide (53.3 meters long and 26.7 meters wide). 3 b 20 (long) cubits is approximately 35 feet or 10.7 meters. 4 c LXX. The walkway was approximately 17.5 feet wide and 175 feet long (5.3 meters wide and 53.3 meters long). Hebrew ten cubits wide and a cubit long. 10 d LXX; Hebrew east side 16 e See LXX; five hundred cubits from verse 17 LXX and implied in verses 16, 18, 19, and 20 is approximately 875 feet or 266.7 meters in length. Hebrew five hundred reeds, with the measuring reed round about, that is approximately 5,250 feet or 1,600 meters; similarly in verses 17, 18, 19, and 20. Ezekiel 43 3 a Some Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate; most Hebrew manuscripts when I came 7 b Or the monuments; also in verse 9 7 c Or for their kings on their high places 11 d Hebrew; LXX and Vulgate and they will be ashamed 13 e The long cubit, about 21 inches or 53.3 centimeters, is the basic unit for linear measurement throughout Ezekiel 40–48. 13 f One span is approximately 9 inches or 22.9 centimeters. 14 g The space was to be approximately 3.5 feet (1.1 meters), and the ledge was to be approximately 1.75 feet wide (53.3 centimeters wide). 14 h The space was to be approximately 7 feet (2.1 meters), and the ledge was to be approximately 1.75 feet wide (53.3 centimeters wide). 16 i 12 (long) cubits is approximately 21 feet or 6.4 meters. 17 j 14 (long) cubits is approximately 24.5 feet or 7.5 meters. 17 k A half cubit is approximately 10.5 inches or 26.7 centimeters. 26 l Hebrew fill its hand Ezekiel 45 1 a LXX; the holy portion was to be approximately 8.3 miles long and 6.6 miles wide (13.3 kilometers long and 10.7 kilometers wide). Hebrew 25,000 cubits long and 10,000 wide. See also verses 3 and 5 and Ezekiel 48:9. 2 b 500 (long) cubits is approximately 875 feet or 266.7 meters. 2 c 50 (long) cubits is approximately 87.5 feet or 26.7 meters. 3 d The portion was to be approximately 8.3 miles long and 3.3 miles wide (13.3 kilometers long and 5.3 kilometers wide); similarly in verse 5. 3 e Or the Holy of Holies 5 f LXX; Hebrew their possession, twenty chambers 6 g The property of the city was to be approximately 1.7 miles wide and 8.3 miles long (2.7 kilometers wide and 13.3 kilometers long). 10 h An ephah is a dry measure of approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters. 10 i A bath was a liquid measure of approximately 5.8 gallons or 22 liters. 11 j A homer was a dry measure of approximately 6.24 bushels or 220 liters; also in verses 13 and 14. 12 k 20 gerahs is equivalent to one shekel (approximately 0.4 ounces or 11.4 grams). 12 l That is, 60 shekels total; elsewhere, the common mina was 50 shekels. Sixty shekels weighed approximately 1.5 pounds or 683.8 grams. 13 m That is, a sixtieth of the harvest of wheat and of barley; a sixth of an ephah was approximately 3.3 dry quarts or 3.7 liters. 14 n That is, one percent of one’s oil; a tenth of a bath was approximately 2.3 quarts or 2.2 liters. 17 o Or purification offerings; also in verses 19, 22, 23, and 25 24 p Literally a hin of oil for each ephah; that is, approximately 0.97 gallons or 3.67 liters of oil for each ephah of grain 25 q That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). Ezekiel 46 5 a An ephah is approximately 20 dry quarts or 22 liters (probably about 38.3 pounds or 17.4 kilograms of grain); also in verses 7 and 11. 14 b A sixth of an ephah is approximately 3.3 dry quarts or 3.7 liters (probably about 4.2 pounds or 1.9 kilograms of flour). 14 c Or a third of a hin of olive oil; that is, approximately 1.3 quarts or 1.2 liters 22 d The enclosed courts were approximately 70 feet long and 52.5 feet wide (21.3 meters long and 16 meters wide). Ezekiel 47 3 a 1,000 (long) cubits is approximately 1,750 feet or 533.4 meters. 8 b Literally the Sea 8 c Hebrew is healed; similarly in verses 9 and 11 10 d That is, the Mediterranean Sea; also in verses 15, 19, and 20 13 e Since Levi had no portion, Joseph’s sons Ephraim and Manasseh received land as two tribes. 16 f LXX; MT 15...through Lebo to Zedad, 16Hamath, Berothah, and Sibraim 18 g See Syriac; that is, of Israel, to the Dead Sea and as far as Tamar; Hebrew of Israel. And along the Eastern Sea you are to measure. 19 h Hebrew does not include of Egypt. Ezekiel 48 8 a 25,000 (long) cubits is approximately 8.3 miles or 13.3 kilometers; also in verses 9, 10, 13, 15, 20, and 21. 9 b 10,000 (long) cubits is approximately 3.3 miles or 5.3 kilometers; also in verses 10, 13, and 18. 12 c Or a Most Holy Place 15 d 5,000 (long) cubits is approximately 1.7 miles or 2.7 kilometers. 16 e 4,500 (long) cubits is approximately 1.5 miles or 2.4 kilometers; also in verses 30, 32, 33, and 34. 17 f 250 (long) cubits is approximately 437.5 feet or 133.4 meters. 28 g Hebrew does not include of Egypt. 28 h That is, the Mediterranean Sea 35 i 18,000 (long) cubits is approximately 6 miles or 9.6 kilometers. 35 j Hebrew YHWH Shammah Daniel 1 2 a That is, Babylonia 3 b Hebrew from the seed of the kingdom 4 c That is, the Babylonians Daniel 2 2 a Or Chaldeans; also in verses 4, 5, and 10 4 b The original text from this point of Daniel 2:4 through Daniel 7:28 is in Aramaic. 31 c Or image; here and through the rest of Daniel 2 34 d LXX cut out from a mountain 43 e Aramaic the seed of men Daniel 3 1 a Or image; here and throughout Daniel 3 1 b The statue was approximately 90 feet high and 9 feet wide (27.4 meters high and 2.7 meters wide). 5 c The precise identification of some musical instruments in this chapter is uncertain. 8 d Or Chaldeans 17 e Or If this be so, then the God whom we serve is able 25 f Or like the Son of God 28 g Or Angel Daniel 4 7 a Or Chaldeans 13 b Or an angelic watcher or a messenger; also in verses 17 and 23 Daniel 5 1 a Aramaic does not include Later. Some translators include Many years later to account for the time elapsed, probably about 30 years, since the previous chapter. 2 b Or predecessor or grandfather; also in verses 11, 13, and 18 7 c Or Chaldeans; also in verse 11 10 d Or queen mother 22 e Or descendant or successor or grandson 26 f Mene sounds like the Aramaic for numbered. 27 g Tekel sounds like the Aramaic for weighed. 28 h Peres (the singular of Parsin) sounds like the Aramaic for divided and for Persia. 30 i That is, the Babylonians Daniel 6 28 a Or prospered during the reign of Darius, that is, the reign of Cyrus Daniel 7 2 a Perhaps the Great Sea, that is, the Mediterranean Sea 13 b Or one like a son of man 13 c See Matthew 24:30, Matthew 26:64, Mark 13:26, Mark 14:62, Luke 21:27, Revelation 1:13, and Revelation 14:14. Daniel 8 12 a Or on account of transgression 21 b Hebrew of Javan Daniel 9 1 a Hebrew Ahasuerus 1 b That is, the Babylonians 2 c See Jeremiah 25:11–12 and Jeremiah 29:10. 4 d Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 24 e Or Seventy sevens; also twice in verse 25 and once in verse 26 24 f Or the Holy of Holies or the Most Holy One; literally the Most Holy 25 g Or the Anointed One; also in verse 26 26 h Hebrew Then after sixty-two sevens 27 i Or for one seven; similarly again in this verse 27 j Literally And on the wing (will come) the abomination that causes desolation, or And on the wing of abominations (will come) one who causes desolation, 27 k Literally until the decreed consummation is poured out upon (him who) is desolate. Daniel 10 1 a Or true and greatly burdensome 16 b Most MT manuscripts; literally with the likeness of sons of man; DSS, LXX, and one MT manuscript with the likeness of the hand of a man 20 c Hebrew of Javan Daniel 11 2 a Hebrew of Javan 6 b Or offspring 6 c Or child; see Vulgate and Syriac. 7 d Literally a branch from her roots 13 e Hebrew at the end of the times 17 f Or but she will not stand with him or support him 30 g Or western coastlands or Mediterranean islands 39 h Or for a reward 40 i Hebrew will thrust at him 43 j That is, people from the upper Nile region 44 k Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering. Daniel 12 2 a See John 5:29 and Revelation 11:18. 3 b Or expanse or firmament; see also Genesis 1:6–8. 3 c See Matthew 13:43. Hosea 1 1 a Hebrew Joash, a variant of Jehoash 4 b Jezreel means God sows; also in verse 11. 6 c Lo-ruhamah means she has not received mercy. 9 d Lo-ammi means not My people. 9 e Hebrew I am not yours 10 f Cited in Romans 9:26 Hosea 2 1 a Hebrew Ammi 1 b Or Mercy is shown; Hebrew Ruhamah, which means she has received mercy 6 c Hebrew your path 15 d Achor means trouble. 16 e Hebrew my Ishi 16 f Hebrew my Baal 19 g Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 22 h Jezreel means God sows. 23 i Hebrew Lo-ruhamah; LXX I will love her who was not loved 23 j Hebrew Lo-ammi 23 k Cited in Romans 9:25 and 1 Peter 2:10 Hosea 3 1 a Or Go show love to a woman who is loved by another 1 b Literally and love raisin cakes 2 c 15 shekels is approximately 6 ounces or 171 grams of silver. 2 d Or a homer and a half of barley; that is, a total of approximately 9.36 bushels or 330 liters (probably about 436 pounds or 198 kilograms of barley); LXX a homer of barley and a wineskin full of wine Hosea 4 4 a Or for My case is against you, O priests 7 b Or they exchanged their glorious God (Syriac); MT I will exchange their glory 8 c Or the sin offerings 15 d Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29. 17 e That is, the northern kingdom of Israel 18 f Hebrew her shields 19 g Hebrew has wrapped her Hosea 5 3 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14 7 b Or their New Moon feast or the coming month 8 c Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29. 10 d See Proverbs 22:28 and Proverbs 23:10. 11 e Or to follow human precepts 13 f Or to King Jareb Hosea 6 4 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 10 6 b Cited in Matthew 9:13 and Matthew 12:7 7 c Or As at Adam, they have transgressed 11 d Or restore the fortunes of My people Hosea 7 1 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8 and 11 6 b Literally their baker sleeps 12 c Or I will chastise them according to what was reported against them in the assembly. 14 d Some Hebrew manuscripts and LXX; see 1 Kings 18:28. Most Hebrew manuscripts They gather together Hosea 8 5 a Or calf idol; see 1 Kings 12:29. 9 b That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 11 Hosea 9 3 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; similarly in verses 8, 11, 13, and 16 8 b Or The prophet is the watchman over Ephraim, the people of my God Hosea 10 5 a Beth-aven means house of wickedness. This is a derogatory term for Bethel, which means house of God; see 1 Kings 12:28–29. 6 b Or to King Jareb 6 c That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 11 6 d Or of its own counsel 8 e Or of wickedness; Aven is a reference to Beth-aven (a derogatory term for Bethel); see verse 5. 8 f Cited in Luke 23:30; see also Revelation 6:16. 9 g Or Did not the battle overtake the sons of iniquity in Gibeah? Hosea 11 1 a Cited in Matthew 2:15 2 b LXX; Hebrew The more they called them, the more they went from them. 3 c That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8, 9, and 12 12 d Or and Judah is unruly against God, the faithful Holy One Hosea 12 1 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8 and 14 2 b Jacob means he grasps the heel or he deceives. 4 c Or Angel 4 d LXX and Syriac; MT and there He spoke with us 12 e That is, northwest Mesopotamia Hosea 13 1 a That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 12 2 b Or “The men who sacrifice kiss the calves!” See 1 Kings 19:18. 10 c Or Shall I be your King now 14 d Or Shall I ransom them from the power of Sheol? Shall I redeem them from Death? 14 e LXX Where, O Death, is your penalty? Where, O Hades, is your sting? Cited in 1 Corinthians 15:55 Hosea 14 2 a LXX and Syriac; Hebrew that we may present our lips as sacrificial bulls 8 b That is, the northern kingdom of Israel 8 c Or pine or juniper or fir Joel 1 4 a The precise identification of the four kinds of locusts mentioned here is uncertain. 15 b Hebrew Shaddai Joel 2 4 a Or like charioteers or like cavalry 13 b Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 20 c That is, the Dead Sea 20 d That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 22 e Literally their strength 25 f The precise identification of the four kinds of insects mentioned here is uncertain. 30 g LXX clouds or billows 31 h Or dreadful; LXX glorious 32 i Cited in Acts 2:17–21 and Romans 10:13 Joel 3 1 a Or restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem 2 b Jehoshaphat means the LORD judges; also in verse 12. 5 c Or palaces 6 d Or to the peoples of Javan 13 e LXX the harvest has come; see also Mark 4:29. 18 f Or Valley of Shittim 21 g Or For I will pardon their bloodguilt, which I have not yet pardoned. Amos 1 1 a Or sheep breeders 1 b Or during the two years 1 c Hebrew Joash, a variant of Jehoash 3 d Or I will not revoke the punishment; Hebrew I will not revoke it; also in verses 6, 9, 11, and 13 5 e Or the inhabitants 5 f Aven means wickedness. 15 g Possibly Milcom will go into exile; Milcom, also called Molech, was god of the Ammonites; see Leviticus 18:21 and 1 Kings 11:7. Amos 2 1 a Or I will not revoke the punishment; Hebrew I will not revoke it; also in verses 4 and 6 8 b Or of their gods 8 c Or they drink the wine of those who have been fined Amos 3 2 a Or chosen 3 b Or without an appointment to meet 11 c Or An adversary 12 d Or so will the Israelites be snatched away, those who sit in Samaria on the edge of their beds and in Damascus on their couches Amos 4 3 a That is, possibly Mount Hermon 4 b Or years 6 c That is, with empty stomachs 11 d That is, a burning stick Amos 5 5 a Hebrew to Aven, a reference to Beth-aven, a derogatory term for Bethel; see Hosea 4:15. 26 b LXX You have taken along the tabernacle of Molech and the star of your god Rephan 27 c Cited in Acts 7:42–43 Amos 6 10 a Or to make a funeral fire to honor the dead 12 b Literally Does one plow (there) 13 c Lo-debar means nothing. 13 d Karnaim means horn, a symbol of strength. Amos 7 1 a LXX A swarm of locusts coming from the east; and, behold, one grasshopper, king Gog. 14 b Or I am not 14 c Or nor am I the son 17 d Hebrew unclean Amos 8 1 a Or ripe fruit; also in verse 2 3 b Or the singing women 3 c Or palace 5 d Or Let us reduce the measure and increase the price 14 e Or the god Amos 9 3 a Hebrew nachash; translated in most cases as snake 7 b That is, people from the upper Nile region 7 c That is, Crete 12 d Hebrew; LXX that the remnant of men, and all the nations that bear My name, may earnestly seek Me; cited in Acts 15:16–18 14 e Or restore the fortunes of My people Israel Obadiah 1 3 a Or in the retreats of Sela 7 b Hebrew does not include Those who eat. 12 c Hebrew nor enlarge your mouth 19 d Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 21 e Or The deliverers will go up from; LXX Those being delivered will go up Jonah 1 13 a Hebrew the men dug in Jonah 2 8 a Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. Jonah 3 3 a Or was a great city to God 3 b Literally great city, a three-day journey Jonah 4 1 a Or It was exceedingly evil to Jonah, and he became angry 6 b Hebrew qiqayon; that is, possibly the castor oil plant; also in verses 7, 9, and 10 Micah 1 8 a Or a serpent or a dragon 8 b Literally like daughters of an ostrich or like daughters of an owl 10 c Gath sounds like the Hebrew for tell. 10 d Beth-leaphrah means house of dust. 11 e Shaphir means pleasant. 11 f Zaanan sounds like the Hebrew for come out. 11 g Beth-ezel means adjoining house. 12 h Maroth sounds like the Hebrew for bitter. 13 i Lachish sounds like the Hebrew term for team of horses. 14 j Or give dowry 14 k Moresheth sounds like the Hebrew for gift or dowry. 14 l Achzib means deception. 15 m Mareshah sounds like the Hebrew for conqueror. Micah 2 11 a Or “I will prophesy to you for wine and strong drink” Micah 4 8 a Or hill; Hebrew And you, Migdal-eder, the Ophel 13 b Or devote to destruction Micah 5 2 a Or thousands 2 b Cited in Matthew 2:6 5 c Or their peace Micah 6 5 a Or Acacia Grove 16 b LXX; Hebrew scorn of My people Micah 7 4 a Or your punishment 5 b Hebrew in your bosom 6 c Cited in Matthew 10:35–36; see also Luke 12:53. 12 d Hebrew the River 14 e Or in a woodland, in the midst of Carmel 18 f Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. Nahum 1 8 a Literally of her place Nahum 2 1 a Hebrew Strengthen your loins! 3 b Hebrew; alternately, the spears may be of pine or juniper or fir; LXX and Syriac they are prepared, and the horsemen rush to and fro. Nahum 3 8 a Hebrew No-amon 9 b That is, the upper Nile region 17 c Or princes 17 d Or marshals Habakkuk 1 5 a LXX Look, you scoffers, wonder and perish! 5 b Cited in Acts 13:41 6 c That is, the Babylonians 15 d Literally He pulls all of them up Habakkuk 2 3 a Or Though He lingers, wait for Him, since He will surely come and will not delay; see also LXX; cited in Hebrews 10:37. 4 b LXX If he should draw back, My soul has no pleasure in him 4 c Or faithfulness; cited in Romans 1:17, Galatians 3:11, and Hebrews 10:38 5 d DSS; MT wine 10 e Literally sinning against your soul 16 f DSS, LXX, and Syriac and stagger Habakkuk 3 1 a Shigionoth is probably a musical term indicating the setting for the prayer. 3 b Selah or Interlude is probably a musical or literary term; also in verses 9 and 13. Zephaniah 1 3 a Or and the idols that cause the wicked to stumble 5 b Or by their king; Milcom is a variant of Molech; see Leviticus 18:21 and 1 Kings 11:7. 9 c See 1 Samuel 5:5. 9 d Or the temple of their gods 10 e Or the Second Quarter, a newer section of Jerusalem; Hebrew the Mishneh 11 f Or the market district or the Mortar 11 g Or all the people of Canaan 12 h Or thickening on the dregs 18 i Or of all the people living in the land Zephaniah 2 2 a Hebrew is given birth 6 b Or caves or camps 7 c Or their fortunes 12 d That is, people from the upper Nile region 14 e Hebrew beasts of every nation 14 f The precise identification of the animals rendered desert owl and screech owl is uncertain. Zephaniah 3 8 a LXX and Syriac; Hebrew rise up to plunder 10 b That is, the upper Nile region 17 c Or He will be silent in His love; LXX and Syriac He will renew you with His love 20 d Or your fortunes Haggai 1 1 a Jehozadak is a variant of Jozadak; also in verses 12 and 14; see Ezra 3:2. Haggai 2 2 a Jehozadak is a variant of Jozadak; also in verse 4; see Ezra 3:2. 6 b Cited in Hebrews 12:26 15 c Or backward; also in verse 18 16 d Literally a heap of twenty 16 e Literally to draw out fifty from the winepress Zechariah 1 7 a Shebat is the eleventh month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of January and February. 15 b Or they have overdone the punishment Zechariah 2 8 a Or After the Glorious One has sent Me or After He has honored Me and sent Me 8 b Or the pupil Zechariah 3 1 a Or Angel; also in verses 3, 4, 5, and 6; corresponding pronouns may also be capitalized. 1 b That is, the Accuser or the Adversary; also in verse 2 2 c That is, a burning stick 9 d Or facets Zechariah 4 10 a Or facets 10 b Or the chosen capstone 12 c Hebrew from which the gold 14 d Hebrew the two sons of new oil 14 e See Revelation 11:4. Zechariah 5 2 a The flying scroll was approximately 30 feet long and 15 feet wide (9.1 meters long and 4.6 meters wide). 6 b Or An ephah 6 c One Hebrew manuscript, LXX, and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts their appearance or (literally) their eye 11 d That is, Babylonia Zechariah 6 5 a Or winds 6 b Or the one with the white horses after them 11 c Jehozadak is a variant of Jozadak; see Ezra 3:2. 13 d Or And there will be a priest on His throne 14 e Hebrew; Syriac Heldai; see verse 10. 14 f Or and Hen; Syriac and Josiah; see verse 10. Zechariah 7 1 a Chislev is the ninth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of November and December. 2 b Or Bethel-sharezer had sent Regem-melech, along with his men, 7 c Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea 9 d Forms of the Hebrew chesed are translated here and in most cases throughout the Scriptures as loving devotion; the range of meaning includes love, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, and mercy, as well as loyalty to a covenant. 11 e Hebrew they made their ears too heavy to hear Zechariah 8 6 a Or marvelous; twice in this verse Zechariah 9 1 a Or for the eye of the LORD is on all men and all the tribes of Israel 4 b Or strike down her power on the sea 7 c Or like a leader 9 d Or righteous and endowed with salvation 9 e Cited in Matthew 21:5 and John 12:15 10 f That is, the northern kingdom of Israel 10 g Hebrew the River 13 h Hebrew the sons of Javan Zechariah 10 3 a Or these male goats Zechariah 11 2 a Or pine or juniper or fir 10 b Or broke it; similarly in verse 14 Zechariah 12 8 a Or Angel 10 b Or the Spirit 10 c Or to Me 10 d Cited in John 19:37 Zechariah 13 2 a Or the unclean spirit 5 b Or I am a farmer, for the land has been my livelihood since my youth. 6 c Literally between your hands 7 d Cited in Matthew 26:31 and Mark 14:27 Zechariah 14 5 a LXX; Hebrew with You 8 b That is, the Dead Sea 8 c That is, the Mediterranean Sea, also called the Great Sea 16 d That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). 20 e That is, the LORD 21 f Or merchant Malachi 1 1 a Malachi means My messenger. 3 b Cited in Romans 9:13 3 c Or to the serpents of the wilderness or to the dragons of the wilderness 7 d LXX defiled it Malachi 2 3 a Or I will blight your grain 16 b Or “For the man who hates his wife and divorces her,” says the LORD, the God of Israel, “covers his garment with violence,” Malachi 3 1 a Cited in Matthew 11:10, Mark 1:2, and Luke 7:27 10 b Literally blessing for which there will be no room 11 c The devourer is probably a name for a crop-destroying pest. Malachi 4 2 a Or the Sun of Righteousness will rise with healing in His wings 4 b That is, Mount Sinai, or possibly a mountain in the range containing Mount Sinai 5 c Or dreadful; LXX glorious 6 d Cited in Luke 1:17 Matthew 1 3 a Greek Aram, a variant of Ram; also in verse 4; see 1 Chronicles 2:9–10. 7 b Greek Asaph, a variant of Asa; also in verse 8; see 1 Chronicles 3:10. 10 c Greek Amōs, a variant spelling of Amon; twice in this verse; see 1 Chronicles 3:14. 21 d Jesus means The LORD saves. 23 e Literally they will call His name Immanuel; Isaiah 7:14 (see also DSS) 23 f See Isaiah 7:14, Isaiah 8:8, and Isaiah 8:10. 25 g Literally he did not know her Matthew 2 2 a Or as it rose 6 b Micah 5:2; see also 2 Samuel 5:2. 15 c Hosea 11:1 18 d Jeremiah 31:15 Matthew 3 3 a Isaiah 40:3 (see also LXX) 11 b Or in water 11 c Or in the Holy Spirit and in fire 16 d NA, BYZ, and TR the heavens were opened to Him 16 e Or and he saw; see John 1:32–33. Matthew 4 4 a Deuteronomy 8:3 6 b Psalm 91:11–12 7 c Deuteronomy 6:16 10 d Deuteronomy 6:13 16 e Isaiah 9:1–2 25 f That is, the Ten Cities Matthew 5 5 a Or Blessed are those who exercise strength under control, for they will inherit the land; see Psalm 37:11. 14 b Literally A city lying on a hill 21 c Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17 22 d BYZ and TR include without cause. 22 e Raca is an Aramaic expression of contempt. 22 f Or the Council 22 g Or the hell of fire; Greek the Gehenna of fire 26 h Greek kodrantēn; that is, a Roman copper coin worth about 1/64 of a denarius 27 i Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18 29 j Greek Gehenna; also in verse 30 31 k Deuteronomy 24:1 32 l Or causes her to commit adultery 33 m Numbers 30:2 37 n Or from evil 38 o Exodus 21:24; Leviticus 24:20; Deuteronomy 19:21 41 p Greek one milion; that is, a Roman mile, approximately 4,855 feet or 1,480 meters 41 q Literally go with him two. 43 r Leviticus 19:18 44 s BYZ and TR love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully accuse you and persecute you; see Luke 6:27–28. Matthew 6 1 a BYZ and TR charitable acts or alms 13 b Or from evil; BYZ and TR include For Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever. Amen. 19 c Or worm; also in verse 20 22 d Literally If your eye is sound; see Proverbs 22:9 23 e Literally if your eye is evil; see Proverbs 23:6 and Proverbs 28:22 27 f Or a single cubit to his height; a cubit was approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. 33 g SBL, WH, and NE seek first His kingdom; see also Luke 12:31. Matthew 8 2 a A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 4 b See Leviticus 14:1–32. 6 c Or child; also in verses 8 and 13 17 d Isaiah 53:4 18 e That is, the Sea of Galilee; Greek to the other side 28 f BYZ, TR, and PT Gergesenes; other manuscripts Gerasenes Matthew 9 2 a Literally And behold, they brought 4 b NA, BYZ, and TR saw 13 c Hosea 6:6 13 d BYZ and TR but sinners, to repentance; see Luke 5:32. 14 e NE and WH do not include so often. Matthew 10 4 a Greek Simon the Cananean 4 b Literally the one also having betrayed Him 8 c A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 11 d Literally stay there 12 e Literally greet it 25 f WH Beezeboul; Vulgate Beelzebub 28 g Greek Gehenna 29 h Greek an assarion; that is, a Roman copper coin worth about 1/16 of a denarius 36 i Micah 7:6 Matthew 11 1 a That is, in the towns of Galilee 2 b BYZ and TR he sent two of his disciples 5 c A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 6 d Or who is not offended by Me 10 e Malachi 3:1 12 f Or has been forcefully advancing 14 g See Malachi 4:5. 15 h BYZ and TR ears to hear Matthew 12 4 a Or the Bread of the Presence 7 b Hosea 6:6 21 c Isaiah 42:1–4 (see also LXX) 24 d WH Beezeboul; Vulgate Beelzebub; also in verse 27 47 e WH does not include verse 47. Matthew 13 9 a BYZ and TR ears to hear; also in verse 43 13 b See Deuteronomy 29:4, Isaiah 42:20, Jeremiah 5:21, and Ezekiel 12:2. 15 c Isaiah 6:9–10 (see also LXX) 19 d Literally the one sown; also in verses 20, 22, and 23 35 e Psalm 78:2 (see also LXX); SBL, NE, and WH do not include of the world. 43 f See Daniel 12:3. 55 g BYZ and TR Joses; see Mark 6:3. Matthew 14 24 a Greek many stadia; a stadion was about 607 feet or 185 meters 25 b That is, between three and six in the morning 30 c Literally when he saw the strong wind; NE and WH do not include strong. Matthew 15 4 a Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16 4 b Exodus 21:17; Leviticus 20:9 6 c NE and TR (see also Mark 7:12); literally he need not honor his father or mother; SBL, NA, WH, and BYZ do not include or mother. 9 d Isaiah 29:13 (see also LXX) 14 e Or blind guides of the blind 27 f Or puppies Matthew 16 3 a Several manuscripts do not include When evening comes... of the times. from verses 2 and 3. 17 b Greek Simon Bar-Jonah 21 c NE and WH Jesus Christ Matthew 17 4 a Or three tabernacles 5 b Cited in 2 Peter 1:17 20 c BYZ and TR include 21But this kind does not come out except by prayer and fasting; see Mark 9:29. 24 d Greek the didrachma; twice in this verse 27 e Greek a stater; that is, a silver coin worth approximately one shekel Matthew 18 9 a Or the hell of fire; Greek the Gehenna of fire 10 b BYZ and TR include 11For the Son of Man came to save the lost; see Luke 19:10. 15 c NE and WH do not include against you. 16 d Deuteronomy 19:15 22 e Or seventy times seven; see Genesis 4:24 LXX 24 f A talent was worth about twenty years’ wages for a laborer. 28 g A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. Matthew 19 4 a Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2 5 b Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX) 7 c See Deuteronomy 24:1. 9 d SBL and BYZ include And he who marries a divorced woman commits adultery; see Matthew 5:32. 17 e BYZ and TR 16...“Good Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?” 17“Why do you call Me good?” See Mark 10:17–18 and Luke 18:18–19. 19 f Exodus 20:12–16; Leviticus 19:18; Deuteronomy 5:16–20 28 g Or in the regeneration 29 h NE, WH, and NA do not include or wife. Matthew 20 2 a A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; similarly in verses 9, 10, and 13. 3 b That is, about nine in the morning 5 c That is, about noon and again about three in the afternoon 6 d That is, about five in the afternoon; also in verse 9 7 e BYZ and TR include and whatever is right, you shall receive. 16 f BYZ and TR include For many are called, but few are chosen. 22 g BYZ includes or be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized. TR is similar. 23 h BYZ and TR include and be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized. Matthew 21 5 a Zechariah 9:9 9 b Hosanna is a transliteration of the Hebrew Hosia-na, meaning Save, we pray or Save now, which became a shout of praise; see Psalm 118:25; also in verse 15. 9 c Psalm 118:26 9 d Or “Hosanna in the highest heaven!” See Psalm 118:25 and Psalm 148:1. 12 e Literally the temple; also in verses 15 and 23; BYZ and TR the temple of God 13 f Isaiah 56:7 13 g Jeremiah 7:11 16 h Psalm 8:2 (see also LXX) 29 i NE and WH But he went. 31 j NE and WH The latter 42 k Psalm 118:22–23 44 l Tischendorf and some early manuscripts do not include verse 44; see also Luke 20:18. Matthew 22 19 a A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 24 b Deuteronomy 25:5 30 c SBL, BYZ, and TR the angels of God 32 d Exodus 3:6 37 e Deuteronomy 6:5 39 f Leviticus 19:18 44 g Psalm 110:1 Matthew 23 4 a SBL, NE, and WH They tie up heavy loads 7 b Literally and to be called ‘Rabbi’ by men 13 c BYZ and TR include 14Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You defraud widows of their houses, and for a show make lengthy prayers. Therefore you will receive greater condemnation. See Mark 12:40 and Luke 20:47. 15 d Greek Gehenna; also in verse 33 24 e See Leviticus 11:4 and Leviticus 11:23, where camels and gnats are both forbidden as food. 26 f NA does not include and dish. 32 g Or Go ahead, then, and complete 38 h NE and WH do not include desolate. 39 i Psalm 118:26 Matthew 24 15 a See Daniel 9:27, Daniel 11:31, and Daniel 12:11. 29 b Or and the celestial bodies will be shaken; see Isaiah 13:10, Isaiah 34:4, and Joel 2:10. 30 c Or the sky; twice in this verse 30 d See Daniel 7:13–14. 32 e Or this parable 33 f Or it is near 36 g BYZ and TR do not include nor the Son. Matthew 25 13 a BYZ and TR include when the Son of Man comes. 15 b A talent was worth about twenty years’ wages for a laborer. 16 c Or 15... And he went on his journey at once. 16... went and put them to work. Translators vary as to the placement of the Greek adverb eutheōs (at once) at the end of verse 15 or at the beginning of verse 16. Matthew 26 6 a Aramaic Simon the Potter or Simon the Jar Maker 11 b See Deuteronomy 15:11. 17 c Literally On the first of the Unleavened; see Exodus 12:14–20. 20 d BYZ and TR the Twelve 28 e BYZ and TR the new covenant 31 f Zechariah 13:7 50 g Or “Friend,” Jesus replied, “for what have you come?” 55 h Literally the temple 59 i Or the whole Council 64 j Or the right hand of the Mighty One 64 k See Psalm 110:1 and Daniel 7:13. Matthew 27 10 a See Jeremiah 19:1–15, Jeremiah 32:6–9, and Zechariah 11:12–13. 16 b SBL and NA Jesus Barabbas; also in verse 17, but universally called Barabbas in verses 20, 21, and 26 24 c Literally this blood; BYZ and TR this righteous blood 35 d See Psalm 22:18; TR includes to fulfill what was said through the prophet: “They divided My garments among them, and cast lots for My clothing.” 38 e Or insurrectionists; also in verse 44 43 f Psalm 22:8 45 g That is, from noon until three in the afternoon 46 h NE and WH Eloi, Eloi 46 i Psalm 22:1 48 j Or filled it with wine vinegar 48 k See Psalm 69:21. 49 l WH includes And another took a spear and pierced His side, and water and blood flowed out; see John 19:34. Matthew 28 1 a Literally Now after the Sabbaths, it being dawn toward the first of the Sabbaths, 6 b BYZ and TR where the Lord lay 9 c BYZ and TR They were going to tell His disciples, and suddenly 19 d Literally Having gone, therefore, make disciples Mark 1 1 a ECM, NE, BYZ, and TR; SBL and WH the beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ. 2 b BYZ and TR in the prophets: 2 c Malachi 3:1 3 d Isaiah 40:3 (see also LXX) 8 e Or in water 8 f Or in the Holy Spirit 10 g Or he saw; see John 1:32–33 14 h BYZ and TR the gospel of the kingdom of God 40 i A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 41 j SBL Moved with indignation 44 k See Leviticus 14:1–32. Mark 2 16 a BYZ and TR include and drink; see Luke 5:30. 22 b Tischendorf does not include Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins. 26 c Or the Bread of the Presence Mark 3 14 a SBL and WH; ECM, SBL, NE, BYZ, and TR do not include whom He designated as apostles 15 b BYZ and TR include to heal sicknesses, and 16 c SBL, NE, and WH; ECM, BYZ, and TR do not include These are the twelve He appointed 18 d Greek Simon the Cananean 19 e Literally who also betrayed Him 20 f Literally Then He comes to a house 22 g WH Beezeboul; Vulgate Beelzebub 32 h ECM, SBL, WH, and TR; NE and BYZ include and Your sisters. Mark 4 12 a Isaiah 6:9–10 (see also LXX) 15 b Or the word; similarly in verses 16, 18, and 20; literally Now these are the ones 29 c See Joel 3:13, including LXX. Mark 5 1 a BYZ and TR Gadarenes; PT Gergesenes 13 b Literally and were drowned in the sea 20 c That is, the Ten Cities 36 d Or ignored Mark 6 3 a Joses is a variant of Joseph; see Matthew 13:55. 8 b Or copper coins 11 c BYZ and TR include Truly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town; see Matthew 10:15. 14 d Literally they were saying; some manuscripts he was saying 22 e Some early manuscripts When his daughter Herodias 37 f A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 48 g That is, between three and six in the morning Mark 7 3 a Literally until they have washed their hands to the fist 4 b NE and WH cups, pitchers, and kettles. 7 c Isaiah 29:13 (see also LXX) 8 d BYZ and TR include —washings of pots and cups and many such things like these. 9 e NA establish 10 f Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16 10 g Exodus 21:17; Leviticus 20:9 15 h BYZ and TR include 16If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear. 19 i Or and then is eliminated, thereby expelling all foods.” 21 j Many texts move adultery to verse 22. 24 k WH, BYZ, and TR include and Sidon; see Matthew 15:21. 28 l Or puppies 31 m That is, the Ten Cities 35 n ECM, WH, and SBL do not include Immediately. Mark 8 9 a Men is implied here, that is, in addition to women and children; see Matthew 15:38. 18 b See Deuteronomy 29:4, Isaiah 42:20, Jeremiah 5:21, and Ezekiel 12:2. 26 c BYZ and TR “Do not go and tell anyone in the village.” Mark 9 5 a Or three tabernacles 18 b Or and is withering away 24 c BYZ and TR cried out with tears 29 d BYZ and TR prayer and fasting 43 e Greek Gehenna; also in verses 45 and 47 43 f BYZ and TR include 44where their worm never dies, and the fire is never quenched; see verse 48 and Isaiah 66:24. 45 g BYZ and TR include 46where their worm never dies, and the fire is never quenched; see verse 48 and Isaiah 66:24. 48 h Isaiah 66:24 49 i BYZ and TR include and every sacrifice will be salted with salt. Mark 10 4 a See Deuteronomy 24:1. 6 b Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2 7 c NE and WH do not include and be united to his wife. 8 d Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX) 19 e Exodus 20:12–16; Deuteronomy 5:16–20 21 f BYZ and TR Then come, take up the cross, and follow Me. 24 g BYZ and TR how hard it is for those who trust in riches to enter 40 h Literally Mine to grant, but for whom Mark 11 9 a Hosanna is a transliteration of the Hebrew Hosia-na, meaning Save, we pray or Save now, which became a shout of praise; see Psalm 118:25. 9 b Psalm 118:26 10 c Or “Hosanna in the highest heaven!” See Psalm 118:25 and Psalm 148:1. 11 d Literally the temple; also in verses 15, 16, and 27 17 e Isaiah 56:7 17 f Jeremiah 7:11 19 g Literally they went; BYZ and TR He went 25 h BYZ and TR include 26But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father in heaven forgive your trespasses; see Matthew 6:15. Mark 12 11 a Psalm 118:22–23 12 b Literally they sought 15 c A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 19 d Deuteronomy 25:5 23 e Literally In the resurrection, when they rise, 26 f Exodus 3:6 30 g Deuteronomy 6:4–5 31 h Leviticus 19:18 35 i Literally the temple 36 j Psalm 110:1 40 k Literally They devour widows’ houses 42 l Greek put in two lepta, which is a kodrantēs; a lepton was a Jewish coin of bronze or copper worth about 1/128 of a denarius. Mark 13 14 a See Daniel 9:27, Daniel 11:31, and Daniel 12:11; BYZ and TR include spoken of by Daniel the prophet. 14 b Or where he should not be 25 c Or and the celestial bodies will be shaken; see Isaiah 13:10, Isaiah 34:4, and Joel 2:10. 26 d See Daniel 7:13–14. 28 e Or this parable 29 f Or it is near 33 g BYZ and TR Be on your guard, stay alert, and pray! Mark 14 1 a Literally and the Unleavened; see Exodus 12:14–20. 3 b Aramaic Simon the Potter or Simon the Jar Maker 5 c A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 7 d See Deuteronomy 15:11. 12 e Literally On the first day of the Unleavened; see Exodus 12:14–20. 20 f Literally the one who is dipping 24 g BYZ and TR the new covenant 27 h BYZ and TR include on account of Me this night; see Matthew 26:31. 27 i Zechariah 13:7 49 j Literally the temple 55 k Or the whole Council 62 l Or the right hand of the Mighty One 62 m See Psalm 110:1 and Daniel 7:13. 68 n NE and WH do not include and the rooster crowed. 70 o BYZ and TR include and your speech is similar. Mark 15 1 a Or the whole Council 6 b Literally Now at the feast he would release to them 24 c See Psalm 22:18. 25 d That is, nine in the morning 27 e Or insurrectionists 27 f BYZ and TR include 28So the Scripture was fulfilled that says, “And He was numbered with the transgressors.” See Isaiah 53:12 and Luke 22:37. 33 g That is, from noon until three in the afternoon 34 h Psalm 22:1 36 i Or a sponge with wine vinegar 36 j See Psalm 69:21. 39 k BYZ and TR saw how, having cried out, He had breathed His last 40 l Joses is a variant of Joseph; see Matthew 27:56. 47 m Or Joses Mark 16 2 a Literally And very early on the first of the Sabbaths, 8 b Some early manuscripts end the Gospel of Mark after verse 8. Other manuscripts contain only a short ending, a version of the following: 9But they quickly reported all these instructions to Peter’s companions. Afterward, Jesus Himself, through them, sent out from east to west the sacred and imperishable proclamation of eternal salvation. Amen. 9 c Or After Jesus had risen early on the first day of the week 17 d WH in tongues 19 e ECM, BYZ, and TR After the LORD Luke 1 17 a Malachi 4:5–6 28 b Or Rejoice 28 c BYZ and TR include Blessed are you among women! 35 d TR born of you 37 e Or For nothing will be impossible with God. 78 f Or the Morning Light or the Sunrise 80 g Or in the Spirit Luke 2 1 a Or of the whole land or of the whole world 2 b Or This was the census before 23 c Exodus 13:2 24 d Leviticus 12:8 27 e Literally the temple; also in verse 46 37 f Or was a widow for eighty-four years 40 g BYZ and TR became strong in spirit 49 h Or I had to be about My Father’s business Luke 3 6 a Literally And all flesh will see God’s salvation; Isaiah 40:3–5 (see also LXX) 16 b Or in water 16 c Cited in Acts 13:25 16 d Or in the Holy Spirit and in fire 32 e BYZ and TR Salmon; see Ruth 4:20–21 and Matthew 1:4–5. 33 f BYZ and TR Aram; others Ram; see Ruth 4:19 and Matthew 1:3–4. 33 g WH, BYZ, and TR do not include the son of Arni. 38 h Greek Enōs, a variant spelling of Enosh; see Genesis 5:6. Luke 4 1 a Or in the wilderness 4 b Deuteronomy 8:3; BYZ and TR on bread alone, but on every word of God. 8 c Deuteronomy 6:13; BYZ and TR “Get behind Me, Satan! For it is written... 11 d Psalm 91:11–12 12 e Deuteronomy 6:16 18 f BYZ and TR He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives 19 g Or to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord; Isaiah 61:1–2 (see also LXX) 27 h A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 44 i BYZ and TR Galilee; see Mark 1:39. Luke 5 1 a That is, the Sea of Galilee 12 b Leprosy was a term used for various skin diseases. See Leviticus 13. 14 c See Leviticus 14:1–32. Luke 6 1 a BYZ and TR On the second Sabbath after the first 4 b Or the Bread of the Presence 42 c Literally How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother 48 d BYZ and TR because its foundation was on the rock; see Matthew 7:25. Luke 7 14 a Literally bier, probably a wooden plank or open coffin 22 b A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 23 c Or who is not offended by Me 27 d Malachi 3:1 41 e A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. Luke 8 3 a TR to Him 10 b Isaiah 6:9 (See also LXX) 12 c Literally the ones; also in verses 13, 14, and 15 26 d BYZ and TR Gadarenes; Tischendorf Gergesenes; also in verse 37 43 e NE and WH do not include She had spent all her money on physicians. 45 f BYZ and TR include and those who were with him. Luke 9 1 a TR His twelve disciples 3 b Or silver coins 33 c Or three tabernacles 35 d BYZ and TR This is My beloved Son; see Matthew 17:5. 54 e BYZ and TR from heaven, just as Elijah did; see 2 Kings 1:10–12. 55 f BYZ and TR include and He said, “You do not know what kind of spirit you are of. 56For the Son of Man did not come to destroy the lives of men, but to save them.” Luke 10 1 a NE, BYZ, and TR seventy; also in verse 17 7 b See Leviticus 19:13 and Deuteronomy 24:14–15; cited in 1 Timothy 5:18. 27 c Deuteronomy 6:5 27 d Leviticus 19:18 35 e A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. Luke 11 2 a BYZ and TR Our Father in heaven; see Matthew 6:9. 2 b BYZ and TR include Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven; see Matthew 6:10. 4 c BYZ and TR include but deliver us from the evil one; see Matthew 6:13. 11 d BYZ and TR if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone, or for a fish; see Matthew 7:9–10. 15 e WH Beezeboul; Vulgate Beelzebub; also in verses 18 and 19 34 f Literally When your eye is sound; see Proverbs 22:9. 34 g Literally when it is evil; see Proverbs 23:6 and Proverbs 28:22. 51 h Literally the house Luke 12 5 a Greek Gehenna 6 b Greek two assaria; an assarion was a Roman copper coin worth about 1/16 of a denarius. 25 c Or a single cubit to his height; a cubit was approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. 27 d NE and Tischendorf Consider the lilies: They do not spin or weave. 31 e BYZ and TR God’s; see Matthew 6:33. 38 f That is, between nine at night and three in the morning 39 g BYZ and TR include he would have stayed awake, and 53 h See Micah 7:6. 59 i Greek lepton; that is, a Jewish coin of bronze or copper worth about 1/128 of a denarius Luke 13 7 a SBL, NE, WH Cut it down! 35 b Psalm 118:26 Luke 14 5 a TR donkey 10 b See Proverbs 25:7. 15 c Literally who will eat bread Luke 15 8 a Greek ten drachmas, each worth about a day’s wages 21 b WH includes Make me like one of your hired servants; see verse 19. Luke 16 6 a Greek ‘A hundred baths of oil’; that is, approximately 870 gallons or 3,300 liters 7 b Greek ‘A hundred cors of wheat’; that is, approximately 1,000 bushels or 35,000 liters (probably about 30 tons or 27 metric tons of wheat) 16 c Or everyone is urged to enter into it 22 d Greek into Abraham’s bosom; similarly in verse 23 Luke 17 12 a A leper was one afflicted with a skin disease. See Leviticus 13. 14 b See Leviticus 14:1–32. 19 c Or has saved you 21 d Or within you or within your grasp 35 e TR includes 36Two men will be in the field. One will be taken and the other left; see Matthew 24:40. Luke 18 11 a Or stood and prayed to himself 20 b Exodus 20:12–16; Deuteronomy 5:16–20 24 c Literally Seeing that he had become sorrowful; SBL, NE, and WH Seeing him 28 d Literally left our own; BYZ and TR left all Luke 19 13 a That is, he gave each servant one mina. A mina was most likely a silver coin worth a hundred drachmas, that is, about a hundred days’ wages. 20 b Greek soudariō 38 c Psalm 118:26 38 d See Psalm 148:1. 44 e Literally your visitation 45 f Literally the temple 46 g Isaiah 56:7 46 h Jeremiah 7:11 Luke 20 1 a Literally the temple 17 b Psalm 118:22 24 c A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 28 d Deuteronomy 25:5 30 e BYZ and TR include married the widow, and he also died, 37 f Exodus 3:6 43 g Psalm 110:1 47 h Literally They devour widows’ houses Luke 21 2 a Greek two lepta; a lepton was a Jewish coin of bronze or copper worth about 1/128 of a denarius. 27 b See Daniel 7:13–14. Luke 22 1 a Literally the feast of the Unleavened; see Exodus 12:14–20. 20 b Some manuscripts end verse 19 after This is My body and do not include verse 20. 37 c Isaiah 53:12 44 d Some manuscripts do not include verses 43 and 44. 53 e Literally the temple 64 f BYZ and TR include and were striking Him on the face. 66 g Or their Council 69 h See Psalm 110:1. Luke 23 16 a BYZ and TR include 17Now Pilate was obligated to release to the people one prisoner at the feast; see Matthew 27:15 and Mark 15:6. 23 b BYZ and TR include and that of the chief priests. 30 c Hosea 10:8 33 d Greek Kranion; Vulgate Calvariae, rendered in some translations as Calvary 34 e Some manuscripts do not include Then Jesus said, “Father... what they are doing.” 34 f See Psalm 22:18. 35 g See Psalm 22:7. 36 h Or to offer Him wine vinegar 38 i BYZ and TR include written in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew; see John 19:20. 42 j BYZ and TR said to Jesus, “Remember me, Lord, 44 k That is, from noon until three in the afternoon 45 l Or failed or was obscured; BYZ and TR became dark 46 m Psalm 31:5 47 n Or an innocent man 54 o Or was about to begin Luke 24 1 a Literally But on the first of the Sabbaths, 13 b Greek being sixty stadia in distance; that is, approximately 6.9 miles or 11.1 kilometers 42 c BYZ and TR include and some honeycomb. 47 d NA, NE, and WH repentance for John 1 5 a Or comprehended 14 b Or and tabernacled among us 14 c Or the Only Begotten or the Unique One 18 d Or but the only begotten God, who; BYZ and TR but the only begotten Son, who 18 e Greek in the Father’s bosom 23 f Isaiah 40:3 (see also LXX) 26 g Or in; also in verse 31 and twice in 33 34 h SBL the Chosen One of God 39 i That is, about four in the afternoon 51 j See Genesis 28:12. John 2 6 a Greek two or three metretae; that is, approximately 20.8 to 31.2 gallons (78.8 to 118.1 liters) 14 b Literally the temple; also in verse 15 17 c Psalm 69:9 John 3 3 a Or born from above; also in verse 7. 7 b The Greek word for you is plural; also in verse 12. 13 c BYZ and TR include who is in heaven. 15 d Or everyone who believes may have eternal life in Him. 16 e Or only begotten or unique; also in verse 18 21 f Some translators close this quotation after verse 15. 25 g TR and the Jews 31 h Tischendorf The One comes from heaven. 36 i Some translators close this quotation after verse 30. John 4 1 a Literally When therefore Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus; NE, WH, BYZ, and TR When therefore the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus 6 b That is, about noon 9 c Tischendorf does not include this sentence. 35 d Literally white 52 e That is, one in the afternoon John 5 2 a Or in Aramaic 2 b NA, NE, and WH Bethzatha 3 c Literally In these 3 d NE, BYZ, and TR include awaiting the moving of the waters. 4For from time to time an angel descended into the pool and stirred the water. As soon as it was stirred, the first to enter the pool would be healed of his disease. 29 e See Daniel 12:2. John 6 7 a A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 14 b SBL, NA, NE, and WH He had performed 19 c Greek about twenty-five or thirty stadia; that is, approximately 2.87 to 3.45 miles (4.62 to 5.55 kilometers) 31 d Psalm 78:24; see also Exodus 16:4. 45 e Isaiah 54:13 69 f BYZ and TR You are the Christ, the Son of the living God John 7 2 a That is, Sukkot, the autumn feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; also translated as the Feast of Booths or the Feast of Shelters and originally called the Feast of Ingathering (see Exodus 23:16 and Exodus 34:22). 8 b NE, WH, BYZ, and TR I am not yet 14 c Literally the temple; also in verse 28 35 d Literally Will He go to the Diaspora among the Greeks; the Jewish people living outside the land of Israel since the Babylonian exile were referred to as the Diaspora. 39 e Literally the Spirit was not yet; BYZ and TR the Holy Spirit was not yet 42 f See Micah 5:2. 52 g Some early manuscripts do not include John 7:53 through John 8:11. John 8 2 a Literally the temple; also in verse 20 9 b NE, BYZ, and TR include and were convicted by their conscience, 10 c NE, BYZ, and TR include and saw no one but the woman. 10 d WH and NA where are they 16 e Literally but (it is) I and the Father who sent Me; NE but (it is) I and the One who sent Me 17 f See Deuteronomy 19:15. 54 g WH and TR Your 58 h Literally before Abraham was, I am! 59 i BYZ and TR include going through the midst of them, and so He passed by. John 9 4 a BYZ and TR I must do 35 b BYZ and TR the Son of God 39 c Literally so that those not seeing may see and those seeing may become blind. Some manuscripts do not include 38“Lord, I believe.”... 39Then Jesus declared. John 10 8 a BYZ All who came 22 b That is, Hanukkah, the historic celebration of the Maccabean Revolt and rededication of the temple 23 c Literally the temple 34 d Psalm 82:6 John 11 2 a Literally was the one having anointed the Lord with fragrant oil and having wiped His feet; see John 12:3. 16 b Didymus means the twin. 18 c Greek about fifteen stadia; that is, approximately 1.72 miles or 2.78 kilometers 33 d Or He was indignant in spirit; similarly in verse 38 44 e Greek soudariō 47 f Or the Council 56 g Literally the temple John 12 3 a Greek a litra; that is, approximately 12 ounces or 340 grams 5 b A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 8 c See Deuteronomy 15:11. 13 d Hosanna is a transliteration of the Hebrew Hosia-na, meaning Save, we pray or Save now, which became a shout of praise; see Psalm 118:25. 13 e Psalm 118:26 15 f Zechariah 9:9 38 g Isaiah 53:1 40 h Isaiah 6:10 John 13 1 a Or He showed them the full extent of His love. 16 b Cited in John 15:20 18 c Psalm 41:9 23 d Greek was reclining in the bosom of Jesus 32 e WH does not include If God is glorified in Him. John 14 1 a Or Believe in God 2 b Or If it were not so, I would have told you. I am going there to prepare a place for you. 4 c BYZ and TR And where I go you know, and the way you know. 14 d TR does not include Me. 15 e Or If you love Me, keep 16 f Or Comforter or Helper or Counselor; Greek Paraclete; also in verse 26 17 g WH and is in you John 15 20 a John 13:16 25 b See Psalm 35:19, Psalm 38:19, and Psalm 69:4. 26 c Or Comforter or Helper or Counselor; Greek Paraclete John 16 7 a Or Comforter or Helper or Counselor; Greek Paraclete 16 b BYZ and TR include because I go away to the Father. 27 c WH from the Father John 17 2 a Literally all flesh 11 b Literally Your name, which You gave Me; TR Your name. These You have given Me; similarly in verse 12 15 c Or from evil John 18 2 a HF and PT Jesus also 9 b See John 6:39 and John 17:12. 32 c See John 12:32–33. John 19 13 a Or in Aramaic; also in verses 17 and 20 14 b That is, about noon 24 c Psalm 22:18 28 d See Psalm 22:15. 29 e Or A jar of wine vinegar; similarly in verse 30 29 f See Psalm 69:21. 36 g Psalm 34:20; see also Exodus 12:46 and Numbers 9:12. 37 h Zechariah 12:10 39 i Greek about a hundred litras; that is, approximately 34 kilograms John 20 1 a Literally Now on the first of the Sabbaths, early, 7 b Greek soudarion 16 c Or in Aramaic 24 d Didymus means the twin. 31 e Or may continue to believe John 21 1 a That is, the Sea of Galilee 2 b Didymus means the twin. 8 c Greek about two hundred cubits away; that is, approximately 300 feet or 91 meters 18 d Or others 20 e Greek reclined on His bosom Acts 1 4 a Or eating together 5 b Or For John baptized in water, but in a few days you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit; cited in Acts 11:16 12 c A Sabbath day’s journey is 2,000 cubits (approximately 3,000 feet or 914.4 meters) 20 d Psalm 69:25 20 e Psalm 109:8 Acts 2 1 a That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22). 5 b Or staying; similarly in verse 14 9 c That is, the Roman Province of Asia, located in what is now western Turkey 15 d That is, nine in the morning 21 e Joel 2:28–32 (see also LXX) 25 f Literally I foresaw; see verse 31. 28 g Psalm 16:8–11 (see also LXX) 30 h Literally on oath that He would place out of the fruit of his loins on his throne; BYZ and TR on oath out of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, to raise up Christ to sit on his throne; Psalm 132:11 35 i Psalm 110:1 41 j Literally about three thousand souls were added that day 43 k Or fear 46 l Literally the temple Acts 3 1 a That is, three in the afternoon 2 b Literally the temple; also in verse 8 6 c SBL, NE, and WH In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, walk! 11 d Literally in the colonnade called Solomon’s 13 e Or His child; also in verse 26 22 f Deuteronomy 18:15 23 g See Deuteronomy 18:19. 25 h Genesis 22:18 Acts 4 11 a Psalm 118:22 15 b Or the Council 25 c Or child; also in verses 27 and 30 26 d Or His Christ or His Messiah; Psalm 2:1–2 Acts 5 20 a Literally the temple; also in verses 21, 25, and 42 21 b Or the Council; also in verses 27, 34, and 41 24 c Literally as to what this might be 33 d ECM, BYZ, TR, and Tischendorf; or they took counsel; SBL, NE, and WH they wanted Acts 6 1 a Literally the Hellenists began to grumble against the Hebrews 5 b Literally and Nicolas, a convert of Antioch 6 c Literally —whom they set before the apostles, 9 d Literally and those from Cilicia and Asia; the Roman Province of Asia was located in what is now western Turkey. 12 e Or the Council; also in verse 15 Acts 7 3 a Genesis 12:1 7 b Genesis 15:13–14; Exodus 3:12 13 c Or Joseph was made known to or Joseph was recognized by 16 d Literally And they were carried back 20 e Or he was of great status in God’s eyes or he was no ordinary child 28 f Exodus 2:13–14 (see also LXX) 32 g Exodus 3:6 34 h Exodus 3:5–10 35 i Exodus 2:14 35 j Or Angel; also in verse 38 37 k Deuteronomy 18:15 38 l NE and WH to you 40 m Exodus 32:1 43 n Amos 5:25–27 (see also LXX) 46 o SBL, WH, BYZ, and TR; see also LXX for Psalm 132:5; ECM and NE a dwelling place for the house of Jacob. 50 p Isaiah 66:1–2 54 q Literally On hearing these things, they were cut in their hearts, Acts 8 27 a Greek Kandakē 33 b Isaiah 53:7–8 (see also LXX) 36 c TR includes 37And Philip said, “If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.” The eunuch replied, “I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.” Acts 9 5 a TR includes “It is hard for you to kick against the goads.” 8 b Literally he could see nothing or he could see no one 25 c Literally through the wall; see 2 Corinthians 11:33. 29 d Or Hellenists 36 e Tabitha in Aramaic and Dorcas in Greek both mean gazelle. Acts 10 3 a That is, about three in the afternoon; also in verse 30 6 b TR includes He will tell you what you need to do. 9 c That is, about noon 14 d Literally common; similarly in verses 15 and 28 19 e ECM and TR; NE and WH two men are looking for you; SBL and BYZ men are looking for you 21 f TR the men sent to him by Cornelius 30 g BYZ and TR Four days ago I was fasting until this hour, and at the ninth hour I was praying in my house. Acts 11 2 a Literally those of the circumcision 8 b Literally common; similarly in verse 9 16 c Or ‘John baptized in water, but in a few days you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit.’ Acts 1:5 20 d Or the Hellenists 28 e Or the entire Roman world Acts 12 1 a That is, King Herod Agrippa 1 b Literally put forth the hands to mistreat 3 c Literally seize Peter—now these were the days of the Unleavened; see Exodus 12:14–20. 20 d Or had become furious 25 e Or had fulfilled their mission, they returned to Jerusalem; NE and TR had fulfilled their mission, they returned from Jerusalem Acts 13 22 a See 1 Samuel 13:14. 25 b Luke 3:16; see also Matthew 3:11, Mark 1:7, and John 1:27. 33 c Psalm 2:7; literally today I have begotten You 34 d Literally I will give you the holy, the trustworthy of David; Isaiah 55:3 35 e Psalm 16:10 41 f Habakkuk 1:5 (see also LXX) 47 g Isaiah 49:6 Acts 15 14 a Greek Simeon, a variant of Simon 18 b Amos 9:11–12 (see also LXX); BYZ and TR says the Lord, who does all these things. 18Known unto God are all His works from the ages. 24 c BYZ and TR by saying that you must be circumcised and keep the law. 33 d TR includes 34Silas, however, decided to remain there. Acts 16 6 a Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 12 b Literally we went to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia—a colony 16 c Greek a spirit of Python; that is, a spirit of divination named after the mythical serpent slain by Apollo Acts 17 11 a Literally with great eagerness, every day examining the Writings, whether these things were so. 19 b Or Ares Hill or Mars Hill; also in verse 22 and added for clarity in verse 33 22 c Literally in the middle 26 d Literally From one; BYZ and TR From one blood 28 e This is probably a quote from the Cretan philosopher Epimenides of Knossos. 28 f This is probably a quote from the poem “Phainomena” by the Cilician philosopher Aratus. 34 g Literally some men Acts 18 7 a ECM; SBL, NE, and WH Titius Justus; BYZ and TR Justus 17 b Literally they all; BYZ and TR all the Greeks 21 c BYZ and TR I must by all means keep this feast that comes in Jerusalem, but I will come back 22 d Literally he went up and greeted the church 25 e BYZ and TR about the Lord Acts 19 1 a Or the highland 10 b Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey; similarly in verses 22, 26, 27, and 31. 12 c Greek soudaria 19 d Or fifty thousand pieces of silver. A drachma was a silver coin worth about one day’s wages. 21 e Or resolved in spirit 23 f Literally there arose no little disturbance 24 g Literally bringing no little business 31 h Or friends who were Asiarchs Acts 20 4 a Literally from Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey; also in verses 16 and 18. 6 b Literally after the days of the Unleavened; see Exodus 12:14–20. 15 c BYZ and TR and, after remaining at Trogyllium, 16 d That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22). 21 e ECM, TR, and Tischendorf; SBL, NE, BYZ, and WH our Lord Jesus 26 f See Ezekiel 33:8–9. 28 g Tischendorf of the Lord; BYZ and PT of the Lord and God 28 h Or with the blood of His own Son. Acts 21 8 a See Acts 6:5. 27 b Literally from Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 31 c Literally the commander of the cohort 40 d Or in Aramaic; literally in the Hebrew language Acts 22 2 a Or in Aramaic; literally in the Hebrew language 18 b Literally saw Him 20 c Or martyr 30 d Or the whole Council Acts 23 1 a Or the Council; also in verses 6, 15, 20, and 28 5 b Exodus 22:28 (see also LXX) 16 c Or the ambush 23 d That is, at nine tonight Acts 24 1 a Or an orator 6 b TR includes and we would have judged him according to our law. 7But Lysias the commander came with great force and took him out of our hands, 8ordering his accusers to come before you. 18 c Literally from Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 20 d Or the Council Acts 26 14 a Or in Aramaic; literally in the Hebrew language 21 b Literally the temple Acts 27 1 a Or Augustan 2 b Literally sail to the places along Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 9 c That is, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement 16 d NE, BYZ, and TR Clauda 17 e Or the sails 27 f The Adriatic Sea referred to an area extending well south of Italy to include the central portion of the Mediterranean Sea. 28 g 20 fathoms is approximately 120 feet or 36.6 meters. 28 h 15 fathoms is approximately 90 feet or 27.4 meters. 37 i WH 76 Acts 28 4 a Greek Dike; that is, the Greek goddess of justice 11 b Greek Dioscuri; that is, the Greek gods Castor and Pollux 15 c The Forum of Appius was about 43 miles or 70 kilometers from Rome. 15 d The Three Taverns was about 35 miles or 57 kilometers from Rome. 16 e BYZ and TR include the centurion delivered up the prisoners to the captain of the barrack, but. 27 f Isaiah 6:9–10 (see also LXX) 28 g BYZ and TR include 29When he had said this, the Jews went away, disputing sharply among themselves. Romans 1 9 a Or in my spirit 13 b Literally but have been prevented 14 c Literally to Greeks and barbarians 17 d Literally For in it is revealed the righteousness of God from faith to faith 17 e Habakkuk 2:4 25 f Or forever blessed Romans 2 6 a Psalm 62:12 16 b BYZ and TR through Jesus Christ 24 c Isaiah 52:5 (see also LXX) Romans 3 2 a Or the oracles 4 b Or when You are judged; Psalm 51:4 (see also LXX) 12 c Psalm 14:1–3 and Psalm 53:1–3 (see also LXX) 13 d Psalm 5:9 13 e Psalm 140:3 14 f Psalm 10:7 (see also LXX) 17 g Isaiah 59:7–8 (see also LXX) 18 h Psalm 36:1 25 i Or as a propitiation Romans 4 3 a Genesis 15:6 8 b Psalm 32:1–2 (see also LXX) 10 c Literally How then was it reckoned—being in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision. 17 d Genesis 17:5 18 e Genesis 15:5 22 f Genesis 15:6 Romans 5 1 a Or let us have 2 b Or exult; also in verses 3 and 11 Romans 7 7 a Exodus 20:17; Deuteronomy 5:21 23 b Literally captive to the law of sin being in my members. Romans 8 1 a BYZ and TR in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. 2 b BYZ and TR me 3 c Literally in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin 8 d Literally Those being in the flesh; similarly in verse 9 10 e Or yet the Spirit is life 11 f NA, BYZ, and TR raised Christ from the dead 36 g Psalm 44:22 Romans 9 5 a Or forever blessed 7 b Genesis 21:12 9 c Genesis 18:14 12 d Genesis 25:23 13 e Malachi 1:2–3 15 f Exodus 33:19 17 g Exodus 9:16 (see also LXX) 20 h Isaiah 29:16; Isaiah 45:9 25 i Hosea 2:23 26 j Hosea 1:10 28 k Isaiah 10:22–23 (see also LXX) 29 l Isaiah 1:9 (see also LXX) 33 m Isaiah 8:14 33 n Isaiah 28:16 (see also LXX) Romans 10 5 a Leviticus 18:5; see also Ezekiel 20:11, 13, and 21. 6 b Deuteronomy 30:12 7 c See Deuteronomy 30:13. 8 d Deuteronomy 30:14 11 e Isaiah 28:16 (see also LXX) 13 f Joel 2:32 15 g Literally good news of good things; BYZ and TR How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news of peace, who bring good news of good things; Isaiah 52:7 16 h Isaiah 53:1 18 i Psalm 19:4 (see also LXX) 19 j Deuteronomy 32:21 (see also LXX) 20 k Isaiah 65:1 21 l Isaiah 65:2 (see also LXX) Romans 11 3 a 1 Kings 19:10, 14 4 b 1 Kings 19:18 6 c BYZ and TR include But if it is by works, then it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work. 8 d See Deuteronomy 29:4 and Isaiah 29:10. 10 e Psalm 69:22–23 (see also LXX) 11 f Or did they stumble so as to lose their share? Literally did they stumble that they might fall? 21 g Or He will perhaps not; SBL, NE, and WH He will not 27 h Isaiah 27:9 and Isaiah 59:20–21; see also LXX 31 i Literally may now receive mercy through your mercy; BYZ and TR may receive mercy through your mercy 34 j Isaiah 40:13 (see also LXX) 35 k Job 41:11 Romans 12 1 a Or your reasonable service 19 b Deuteronomy 32:35 (see also LXX) 20 c Proverbs 25:21–22 (see also LXX) Romans 13 9 a Exodus 20:13–17; Deuteronomy 5:17–21 9 b Leviticus 19:18 14 c Or put on; see verse 12. Romans 14 1 a Or without quarreling over disputable matters 6 b BYZ and TR include he who does not regard the day, to the Lord he does not regard it; 11 c Or will give praise to God or will acknowledge God; Isaiah 45:23 (see also LXX) 21 d SBL, BYZ, and TR include or to be hindered or weakened. 22 e Literally Keep the faith that you have to yourself before God 23 f Some manuscripts place the text of Romans 16:25–27 here. Romans 15 3 a Psalm 69:9 9 b 2 Samuel 22:50; Psalm 18:49 10 c Deuteronomy 32:43 11 d Psalm 117:1 12 e Isaiah 11:10 (see also LXX) 19 f SBL the power of the Spirit; NE and WH the power of the Holy Spirit 21 g Isaiah 52:15 (see also LXX) 29 h TR and BYZ include of the gospel. 33 i Some manuscripts do not include Amen. One early manuscript places the text of Romans 16:25–27 here. Romans 16 1 a Or deaconess 3 b Prisca is a variant of Priscilla; see Acts 18:2. 5 c Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 7 d Some translators Junias 20 e NA, NE, and WH Lord Jesus 23 f SBL, BYZ, and TR include 24May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. 26 g Literally the obedience of faith 27 h Some manuscripts place the text of verses 25–27 after Romans 14:23 or after Romans 15:33. 1 Corinthians 1 12 a That is, Peter 19 b Isaiah 29:14 (see also LXX) 23 c BYZ and TR to Greeks 25 d Literally than men; twice in this verse 31 e Jeremiah 9:24 1 Corinthians 2 7 a Or we speak God’s wisdom in a mystery 9 b Isaiah 64:4 13 c Or to spiritual people 16 d Isaiah 40:13 (see also LXX) 1 Corinthians 3 8 a Literally are one 16 b Or among 19 c Job 5:13 20 d Psalm 94:11 22 e That is, Peter 1 Corinthians 4 17 a BYZ and TR my way of life in Christ, 1 Corinthians 5 4 a Or In the name of our Lord Jesus, when you are assembled 5 b BYZ and TR the Lord Jesus 13 c Literally Expel the evil from among you; Deuteronomy 13:5, 17:7, 19:19, 21:21, 22:21, 22:24, and 24:7 1 Corinthians 6 8 a Literally do wrong, and this to brothers! 16 b Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX) 20 c BYZ and TR include and with your spirit, which belong to God. 1 Corinthians 7 1 a Literally It is good for a man not to touch a woman. 15 b SBL, BYZ, and TR us 26 c Or impending 36 d Literally and it ought to be so 37 e Literally in his heart to keep the virgin or in his heart to keep the betrothed 39 f Literally she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord 1 Corinthians 9 5 a Literally take along a sister—a wife— 5 b That is, Peter 6 c Literally Or is it only Barnabas and I who do not have authority not to work? 9 d Deuteronomy 25:4 1 Corinthians 10 7 a Or to play; Exodus 32:6 9 b WH, NE, and Tischendorf test the Lord 10 c Literally the destroyer 23 d Or “All things are lawful,” twice in this verse 26 e Psalm 24:1 28 f BYZ and TR and for the sake of conscience—for the earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof— 1 Corinthians 11 10 a Or have authority over 21 b Literally each one takes first his own meal. 24 c BYZ and TR which is broken for you 27 d Or will be responsible for the 29 e BYZ and TR the body of the Lord 1 Corinthians 13 3 a SBL, NE, BYZ, and TR surrender my body to be burned 1 Corinthians 14 11 a Literally a barbarian; twice in this verse 16 b Or in the Spirit 21 c Isaiah 28:11–12 33 d Or of peace. As in all the churches of the saints: Thus, some translators begin the new paragraph after peace. 35 e Some manuscripts place verses 34–35 after verse 40. 38 f BYZ and TR let him be ignorant 1 Corinthians 15 5 a That is, Peter 27 b Psalm 8:6 32 c Isaiah 22:13 33 d Probably a quote from the Greek comedy Thais by Menander 45 e Genesis 2:7 53 f Or clothe itself 54 g WH does not include and the mortal with immortality. 54 h Isaiah 25:8 55 i Hosea 13:14 (see also LXX); BYZ and TR “Where, O Death, is your sting? Where, O Hades, is your victory?” 1 Corinthians 16 8 a That is, Shavuot, the late spring feast of pilgrimage to Jerusalem; it is also known as the Feast of Harvest (see Exodus 23:16) or the Feast of Weeks (see Exodus 34:22). 19 b Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 19 c Prisca is a variant of Priscilla; see Acts 18:2. 22 d Greek Marana Tha! from a transliteration of the Aramaic, an exclamation of approaching divine judgment 24 e SBL, WH, and NA do not include Amen. 2 Corinthians 1 8 a Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 12 b Literally fleshly 14 c BYZ and TR the Lord Jesus 19 d That is, Silas 2 Corinthians 2 16 a Literally To the one, indeed, an aroma from death to death; but to the other, an aroma from life to life. 2 Corinthians 4 1 a Literally Therefore, having this ministry, as we have received mercy, 6 b Genesis 1:3 6 c SBL, NE, and WH in the face of Christ 13 d Psalm 116:10 (see also LXX) 14 e SBL who raised Jesus 2 Corinthians 5 17 a Or a new creature 21 b Or a sin offering 2 Corinthians 6 1 a Literally Now working together 2 b Isaiah 49:8 (see also LXX) 15 c Scrivener’s TR and PT; many Greek sources Beliar 16 d Leviticus 26:12; Jeremiah 32:38; Ezekiel 37:27 17 e Isaiah 52:11; see also Ezekiel 20:34, including LXX. 18 f See 2 Samuel 7:14. 2 Corinthians 8 7 a Or in your love for us 15 b Exodus 16:18 19 c See 1 Corinthians 16:3–4. 23 d Or apostles 2 Corinthians 9 7 a See Proverbs 22:8, LXX addition. 9 b Psalm 112:9 2 Corinthians 10 17 a Jeremiah 9:24 2 Corinthians 11 31 a Or forever blessed 2 Corinthians 12 7 a Some translators end the previous paragraph after verse 6, and begin verse 7 with So to keep me from becoming conceited because of these surpassingly great revelations, 18 b Literally Did we not walk in the same Spirit? Not in the same footsteps? 2 Corinthians 13 1 a Deuteronomy 19:15 11 b Or listen to my appeal 14 c Texts vary in verse numbering for the last three verses of this chapter. BYZ ends with Amen. Galatians 1 3 a SBL, BYZ, and TR God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ 11 b Literally not according to man 18 c That is, Peter Galatians 2 6 a Literally God does not accept the face of man 9 b That is, Peter; also in verses 11 and 14 14 c Some translators close this quotation after verse 16 or 21. Galatians 3 6 a Genesis 15:6 8 b See Genesis 12:3, Genesis 18:18, and Genesis 22:18. 10 c Deuteronomy 27:26 (see also LXX) 11 d Habakkuk 2:4 12 e Leviticus 18:5; see also Ezekiel 20:11, 13, and 21. 13 f Deuteronomy 21:23 (see also LXX) 14 g Literally the blessing of Abraham 16 h Genesis 12:7; Genesis 13:15 Galatians 4 3 a Or elemental forces; similarly in verse 9 22 b See Genesis 16:15 and Genesis 21:2–3. 27 c Isaiah 54:1 28 d WH, BYZ, and TR we 30 e Genesis 21:10 Galatians 5 14 a Leviticus 19:18 Galatians 6 14 a Or through whom Ephesians 1 1 a Some manuscripts do not include in Ephesus. 18 b TR the eyes of your understanding Ephesians 2 10 a Literally which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them. Ephesians 3 1 a This train of thought is continued in verse 14. 9 b NE and WH and to illuminate the stewardship; TR and to illuminate for everyone the fellowship 12 c Or through His faithfulness 14 d BYZ and TR before the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, Ephesians 4 8 a Or He says 8 b Psalm 68:18 9 c BYZ and TR except that He also descended first 26 d Or “In your anger do not sin.” Psalm 4:4 Ephesians 5 2 a NE and WH Christ loved you 13 b SBL begins verse 14 after visible, 21 c Or in the fear of Christ. 30 d BYZ and TR include —of His flesh and of His bones. 31 e Genesis 2:24 (see also LXX) Ephesians 6 3 a Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16 Philippians 1 13 a Or all the Praetorium 14 b NE and WH the word of God 16 c BYZ and TR reverse the order of verses 16 and 17. 18 d Literally What then? 27 e Or striving together with one mind Philippians 2 6 a Or something to be exploited 15 b Deuteronomy 32:5 Philippians 3 9 a Or through the faithfulness of Christ Philippians 4 3 a Or I ask you, loyal Syzygus 13 b NA, SBL, NE, and WH in the One who gives me strength. BYZ and TR in Christ who gives me strength. 23 c BYZ and TR include Amen. Colossians 1 2 a BYZ and TR God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ 7 b NE, NA, BYZ, and TR your 12 c BYZ and TR us 14 d TR redemption through His blood, 23 e Or in all creation 28 f Or fully mature Colossians 2 2 a Literally the mystery of God: Christ 11 b Literally in the cutting away of the body of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ 17 c Literally but the body is of the Christ Colossians 3 4 a NE, WH, BYZ, and TR our 6 b NE, WH, and Tischendorf do not include on the sons of disobedience. Colossians 4 18 a BYZ and TR include Amen. 1 Thessalonians 1 1 a That is, Silas 1 b BYZ and TR include from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Thessalonians 2 6 a Or although as apostles of Christ we could have been a burden to you; SBL, NE, and WH include this phrase with verse 7. 7 b WH and NA we were like young children among you 16 c Or at last the wrath (of God) has come upon them. 1 Thessalonians 3 2 a Or our brother and God’s fellow worker; NE, WH, BYZ, and TR our brother and minister of God 1 Thessalonians 4 4 a Literally know how to possess his own vessel 6 b Or no one should ever harm or cheat his brother in this matter 13 c Literally those who have fallen asleep, as in verses 14 and 15 1 Thessalonians 5 23 a Or may your spirit, soul, and body be kept entirely blameless 28 b BYZ and TR include Amen. 2 Thessalonians 1 1 a That is, Silas 2 b SBL, NE, and WH God the Father 12 c Or the grace of our God and Lord, Jesus Christ. 2 Thessalonians 2 13 a Or God has chosen you as the firstfruits 2 Thessalonians 3 3 a Or from evil 6 b Or they received 18 c BYZ and TR include Amen. 1 Timothy 1 4 a Literally rather than the stewardship of God in faith 10 b Or for kidnappers 1 Timothy 2 8 a Or in every place (of worship) 11 b Or wife; also in verse 12 12 c Or over her husband 15 d Literally She, however, will be saved 1 Timothy 3 2 a Or faithful to his wife; also in verse 12 11 b Or their wives 16 c Literally He who appeared; BYZ and TR God appeared 16 d Or vindicated in spirit 1 Timothy 4 10 a SBL, BYZ, and TR and suffer reproach 1 Timothy 5 18 a Deuteronomy 25:4 18 b Luke 10:7; see also Leviticus 19:13 and Deuteronomy 24:14–15. 1 Timothy 6 5 a BYZ and TR include Withdraw yourself from such. 7 b BYZ and TR so certainly 21 c BYZ and TR include Amen. 2 Timothy 1 7 a Or timidity or cowardice 9 b Literally before times eternal 12 c Or what He has entrusted to me 13 d Literally sound words 14 e Or the good deposit entrusted to you 15 f Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 2 Timothy 2 14 a SBL, BYZ, and TR the Lord 19 b Numbers 16:5 (see also LXX) 21 c Literally cleanses himself of these 2 Timothy 3 8 a See Jasher 79:27. The Book of Jashar or the Book of the Upright One is often cited as Jasher. 2 Timothy 4 19 a Prisca is a variant of Priscilla; see Acts 18:2. 22 b BYZ and TR include Amen. Titus 1 2 a Literally before times eternal 6 b Or faithful to his wife 12 c This quote, also known as the Epimenides paradox, has been attributed to the Cretan philosopher Epimenides of Knossos. Titus 3 5 a Or of regeneration 15 b BYZ and TR include Amen. Philemon 1 2 a You and Your are singular throughout this letter, except in verses 3, 22, and 25. 10 b Onesimus means useful (see verse 11) or beneficial (see verse 20). 20 c Greek onaimēn, a play on the name Onesimus 25 d BYZ and TR include Amen. Hebrews 1 2 a Or in His Son 2 b Or the world; literally the ages 5 c Psalm 2:7; literally today I have begotten You 5 d 2 Samuel 7:14; 1 Chronicles 17:13 6 e Deuteronomy 32:43 (see DSS and LXX) 7 f Psalm 104:4 (see also LXX) 9 g Psalm 45:6–7 12 h BYZ and TR do not include like a garment. 12 i Psalm 102:25–27 13 j Psalm 110:1 14 k Literally Are they not all Hebrews 2 7 a Or a little while lower; also in verse 9 7 b WH and TR include and set him over the works of Your hands. 8 c Psalm 8:4–6 (see also LXX) 10 d Or pioneer or founder 12 e Psalm 22:22 (see also LXX) 13 f Isaiah 8:17 13 g Isaiah 8:18 17 h Or to make propitiation Hebrews 3 2 a Literally just as Moses in all His house; SBL just as Moses in His house 5 b Numbers 12:7 6 c NE, WH, BYZ, and TR include to the end. 11 d Psalm 95:7–11 (see also LXX) 15 e Psalm 95:7–8 Hebrews 4 2 a Literally not having been united in the faith of those who heard 3 b Psalm 95:11; also in verse 5 4 c Genesis 2:2 7 d Psalm 95:7–8 Hebrews 5 5 a Psalm 2:7; literally today I have begotten You 6 b Psalm 110:4 12 c Or of the oracles of God Hebrews 6 1 a Or from acts that lead to death 2 b Or cleansing rites 14 c Genesis 22:17 Hebrews 7 1 a Genesis 14:18 17 b Psalm 110:4 21 c Psalm 110:4 25 d Or forever Hebrews 8 5 a Exodus 25:40; see also Exodus 26:30. 12 b Jeremiah 31:31–34 (see also LXX) 13 c Literally In saying new; here and in Hebrews 9:1 and 18, covenant is included for clarity but is not contained in the Greek. A broader interpretation could also include priesthood or tabernacle. Hebrews 9 1 a Literally the first; also in verse 18; see the footnote for Hebrews 8:13. 2 b Or the Bread of the Presence 3 c Or the Holy of Holies 5 d Or atonement cover 8 e Or the Holy Place; also in verses 12 and 25 11 f BYZ and TR that are to come 14 g BYZ and TR your 16 h Greek diathēkē is also translated as covenant throughout this chapter. 19 i SBL does not include and goats. 20 j Exodus 24:8 Hebrews 10 7 a Psalm 40:6–8 (see also LXX) 16 b Jeremiah 31:33 17 c Jeremiah 31:34 19 d Or the Holy Place 20 e Literally through the veil that is His flesh 30 f Deuteronomy 32:35 (see also LXX) 30 g Deuteronomy 32:36; Psalm 135:14 32 h Or Remember when you were first enlightened. 38 i BYZ and TR But the righteous will live by faith 38 j Habakkuk 2:3–4 (see also LXX) Hebrews 11 5 a Literally transferred or translated 5 b Genesis 5:24 (see also LXX) 17 c Or only begotten son or unique son 18 d Genesis 21:12 29 e Literally made an attempt 37 f NE, WH, BYZ, and TR include they were put to the test, Hebrews 12 2 a Or pioneer or founder 6 b Literally and He flogs every son He receives; Proverbs 3:11–12 (see also LXX) 11 c Or it yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness 12 d Isaiah 35:3 13 e Proverbs 4:26 (see also LXX) 15 f See Deuteronomy 29:18 18 g Literally to what can be touched and 20 h Exodus 19:12–13 21 i Deuteronomy 9:19 26 j Haggai 2:6 29 k Deuteronomy 4:24 Hebrews 13 5 a Deuteronomy 31:6, 8; Joshua 1:5 6 b Psalm 118:6 (see also LXX) 21 c BYZ and TR every good work 21 d BYZ and TR you 25 e BYZ and TR include Amen. James 1 1 a Literally To the twelve tribes in the Diaspora. Originally referring to the Jewish people living outside the land of Israel, the Diaspora is applied here to the Jewish believers scattered abroad. 17 b Or no change or shadow of turning. 18 c Or of His creatures. James 2 2 a Greek your synagogue 7 b Or the noble name invoked upon you or the noble name of Him to whom you belong 8 c Leviticus 19:18 11 d Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18 11 e Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17 17 f Literally if it does not have works 19 g Or that there is one God 20 h BYZ and TR dead 23 i Genesis 15:6 23 j See Isaiah 41:8. 25 k Literally messengers James 3 6 a Greek Gehenna 11 b Literally Can both fresh and bitter 12 c Literally Neither can salt 18 d Literally But the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those making peace. James 4 1 a Literally passions warring among your members? 4 b See Hosea 3:1. 4 c Or is appointed 5 d Or the spirit 6 e Proverbs 3:34 (see also LXX) James 5 7 a Literally for it until it receives the early and the late 1 Peter 1 1 a Literally To the elect sojourners of the Diaspora of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. These provinces were located in what is now Turkey. 3 b Or has caused us to be born again or has begotten us again 13 c Literally Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind 16 d Leviticus 11:44–45; Leviticus 19:2 22 e SBL, NE, and WH from the heart 25 f Isaiah 40:6–8 1 Peter 2 6 a Isaiah 28:16 (see also LXX) 7 b Psalm 118:22 8 c Isaiah 8:14 10 d Hosea 2:23 17 e Literally Love the brotherhood 18 f Or in all fear 22 g Isaiah 53:9 24 h Isaiah 53:4 (see also LXX) 24 i Isaiah 53:5 25 j Isaiah 53:6 1 Peter 3 12 a Psalm 34:12–16 (see also LXX) 14 b Or “Do not fear their threats; do not be shaken.” Isaiah 8:12 15 c BYZ and TR But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts. This sentence may also be included with the quotation from the previous verse; see Isaiah 8:13. 18 d NE and WH died 19 e Or in the spirit, 19in which 21 f Or appeal for 1 Peter 4 1 a BYZ and TR include for us. 6 b Or to those who are dead 8 c See Proverbs 10:12 14 d BYZ and TR include On their part He is spoken of as evil, but on your part He is glorified. 16 e Literally glorify God in that name; NA glorify God in this matter 18 f Proverbs 11:31 (see also LXX) 1 Peter 5 1 a SBL, NE, and WH I appeal therefore to the elders 2 b NE and WH do not include watching over them. 2 c WH, BYZ, and TR but willingly 5 d Proverbs 3:34 (see also LXX) 10 e BYZ and TR in Christ Jesus 12 f That is, Silas 13 g Literally She in Babylon 14 h BYZ and TR include Amen. 2 Peter 1 3 a Or to His own 13 b Literally as long as I am in this tent 17 c Matthew 17:5; see also Mark 9:7 and Luke 9:35. 2 Peter 2 4 a Greek cast them into Tartarus; see the First Book of Enoch (1 Enoch 13:1–11 and 1 Enoch 20:1–4). 6 b WH does not include to destruction. 6 c Or on future generations of the ungodly 10 d Or to blaspheme angelic majesties 15 e NA, SBL, BYZ, and TR Bosor 20 f SBL and WH the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ 22 g Proverbs 26:11 2 Peter 3 3 a See Jude 1:18. 6 b NA through whom 8 c See Psalm 90:4. 10 d Or dissolved; also in verses 11 and 12. 10 e Or will not be found. BYZ and TR will be burned up; SBL, NE, and WH will be found, i.e., will be unable to hide. 14 f Or to be found by Him in peace, without spot and without blemish. 16 g Or in all the letters 16 h NA will distort 18 i NE, WH, and NA do not include Amen. 1 John 1 4 a BYZ and TR your 7 b NA does not include But. 1 John 2 2 a Or the propitiation 13 b Or you have overcome evil; also in verse 14 20 c BYZ and TR and you know all things 28 d Literally remain in Him 1 John 3 2 a Literally when He appears or when it appears 3 b Literally just as He is pure 4 c Or is violation of the Law 7 d NA Young children in training 7 e Literally He is righteous 1 John 4 3 a BYZ and TR that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh 6 b Or spirit 9 c Or only begotten or unique 10 d Or as a propitiation 19 e BYZ and TR We love Him 1 John 5 1 a Literally and everyone loving the One having begotten also loves the one having been begotten from Him. 7 b TR and PT three that testify in heaven: The Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. 8And there are three that testify on earth: 13 c BYZ and TR include and that you may believe in the name of the Son of God. 18 d Or the one who was born of God protects himself or God protects the one born of Him 18 e Or evil; similarly in verse 19 21 f BYZ and TR include Amen. 2 John 1 8 a NE and WH what you have worked for 12 b Literally mouth to mouth 13 c BYZ and TR include Amen. 3 John 1 9 a Literally I have written something to the church 14 b Literally and we will speak mouth to mouth; some translators begin a new verse (15) after face to face. Jude 1 5 a NE, WH, BYZ, and TR the Lord 9 b This account is attributed by Origen to the Testament of Moses, also called the Assumption of Moses. 12 c Or are blemishes 15 d See the First Book of Enoch (1 Enoch 1:9). 18 e See 2 Peter 3:3. Revelation 1 1 a Or suddenly or quickly 4 b Literally in Asia; Asia was a Roman province in what is now western Turkey. 4 c Or the sevenfold Spirit 8 d TR the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End 11 e TR saying, “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last,” and, 13 f Or one like a son of man; see Daniel 7:13. Revelation 2 27 a Psalm 2:9 (see also LXX) Revelation 3 1 a Or the sevenfold Spirit 5 b Or scrape off 7 c See Isaiah 22:22. 11 d Or suddenly or quickly 14 e Or Beginning or Ruler Revelation 4 5 a Or This is the sevenfold Spirit Revelation 5 6 a Or the sevenfold Spirit 10 b Or they will reign over; WH they reign upon 14 c TR includes Him who lives for ever and ever. Revelation 6 6 a Greek A choenix of wheat for a denarius. A choenix was a Greek dry measure equivalent to 1.92 pints or 0.91 liters. A denarius was customarily a day’s wage for a laborer; see Matthew 20:2. 16 b See Hosea 10:8. 17 c BYZ and TR His Revelation 7 16 a Isaiah 49:10 17 b See Psalm 23:1. 17 c Isaiah 49:10 17 d Isaiah 25:8 Revelation 8 11 a Literally became wormwood Revelation 9 11 a Abaddon means Destruction. 11 b Apollyon means Destroyer. Revelation 10 9 a See Numbers 5:24 and Ezekiel 3:3. Revelation 11 4 a See Zechariah 4:14. 17 b TR includes and who is to come. 18 c See Psalm 2:1. 18 d See Daniel 12:2. Revelation 12 5 a See Psalm 2:9 (see also LXX). 17 b Literally And he stood on the sand of the sea. BYZ and TR And I stood on the sand of the sea. Some texts number this sentence as verse 18; others include it with Revelation 13:1. Revelation 13 8 a Or written in the Book of Life belonging to the Lamb who was slain from the foundation of the world. 10 b NE, WH, and BYZ if anyone kills 10 c See Jeremiah 15:2. 18 d Some manuscripts 616 Revelation 14 5 a TR includes before the throne of God. 8 b See Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 18:2. 14 c Or one like a son of man; see Daniel 7:13. 20 d 1,600 stadia is approximately 184 miles or 296 kilometers. Revelation 15 3 a SBL and WH King of the ages; TR King of the saints Revelation 16 21 a Greek great hail as of a talent; that is, hailstones weighing approximately 75.4 pounds or 34.2 kilograms each Revelation 18 2 a See Isaiah 21:9 and Revelation 14:8. 2 b NE, WH, BYZ, and TR a haunt for every unclean spirit and every unclean and detestable bird. 3 c SBL and WH have fallen by 4 d See Jeremiah 51:45. 9 e Literally when they see the smoke of her burning; also in verse 18 14 f Literally And: Revelation 19 1 a Hallelujah is a transliteration of the Hebrew Hallelu YAH, meaning Praise the LORD; also in verses 3, 4, and 6. 6 b SBL, BYZ, and TR the Lord God 13 c WH sprinkled with blood 15 d See Psalm 2:9 (see also LXX). Revelation 20 9 a BYZ and TR came down from God out of heaven Revelation 21 1 a See Isaiah 65:17 and Isaiah 66:22 (see also LXX). 3 b SBL, NE, WH, and BYZ God Himself will be with them. 4 c Isaiah 25:8. 16 d 12,000 stadia is approximately 1,380 miles or 2,220 kilometers. 17 e 144 cubits is approximately 216 feet or 65.8 meters. The measure could indicate either height or thickness. 24 f BYZ and TR include and honor. Revelation 22 6 a Or suddenly or quickly; similarly in verses 7, 12, and 20 7 b Or scroll; also in verses 9, 10, 18, 19 14 c BYZ and TR Blessed are those who do His commandments 21 d WH and BYZ the Lord Jesus Christ; TR our Lord Jesus Christ 21 e SBL, WH, NE, and TR do not include the saints. 21 f SBL, WH, NE, and NA do not include Amen.

🌙 Evening Reading complete — continue to June 21